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Assessment of post-vaccination immune response to peste des petits ruminants virus in small ruminants in the central and western regions of India

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Abstract

The cross-sectional serosurvey for post-vaccination assessment of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus (PPRV) antibodies in sheep and goats was carried out in different states in the central and western regions of India after the implementation of vaccination under the PPR control programme. The serum samples (n = 4687) were collected from sheep (n = 1539) and goats (n = 3148) from August 2017 to March 2018 at various epidemiological units (n = 301) of the studied regions using a stratified random sampling method and PPR competitive ELISA kit was employed to detect PPRV antibodies. The results revealed 34, 21, 52, 74, 68, and 65% of prevalence of PPRV antibodies in small ruminants in Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Rajasthan states, respectively, with a difference in seropositivity in sheep and goats across the states in sheep (p < 0.01) and goats (p < 0.01). Further, this serosurvey revealed that 60% of the epi-units (n = 185) had > 50% prevalence of post vaccination PPRV antibodies across states due to variations in vaccination rates and patterns. The vaccination coverage and the reported outbreaks varied between the states in the studied regions. Due to continuous vaccination under the control program, the reported PPR outbreaks have progressively declined in most of the studied states, and the PPR risk areas are confined to a few districts and sporadically, outbreaks are reported indicating the effectiveness of vaccination. These findings provide valuable information on potential PPRV episystems, and will assist with activities regarding intensive surveillance, vaccination, biosecurity, and modification of policy decisions towards designing and implementing control and eradication measures. Further, the present situation necessitates continuous mass vaccination and active surveillance programs to make these regions free from PPR in consonance with the PPR Global Control and Eradication Strategy under the PPR Global Eradication Program.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India for providing the facilities and financial support of the Institute project (IXX14475) for carrying out the work and the ICAR-NIVEDI for constant support and encouragement always. The authors also thank the AICRP on ADMAS collaborating center of ICAR-NIVEDI in Central and Western regions states for sending the serum samples for regular surveys to monitor the status of livestock diseases and provide information about the status of PPR-CP. The authors are thankful for all the Central and Western regions states’ Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Departments and their officials, field veterinarians, and para-veterinarians for their assistance during samples collection in the survey and their kind help and co-operation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    V. Balamurugan, B. Varghese, S. SowjanyaKumari, K. Vinod Kumar, G. Govindaraj, K. P. Suresh, D. Hemadri & B. R. Shome

  2. ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Campus Mukteswar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India

    D. Muthuchelvan

  3. Centre for Animal Health Studies, TANUVAS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    P. Roy

Authors
  1. V. Balamurugan
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  2. B. Varghese
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  3. S. SowjanyaKumari
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  4. K. Vinod Kumar
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  5. D. Muthuchelvan
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  7. K. P. Suresh
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  8. D. Hemadri
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  9. P. Roy
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  10. B. R. Shome
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Contributions

BV and SSK carried out the laboratory test. KVK and GG analyzed the data and edited the manuscript. DM provided diagnostic support. KPS and DH designed the sample plan and managed the samples. KVK prepared a GIS map for the study area. VB designed the work with overall monitoring, analyzed the data, and drafted and edited the manuscript. PR and BRS provided guidance and support in research work. All authors drafted, read, and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to V. Balamurugan.

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The manuscript does not contain animal experimental trials. Well-trained veterinarians concerning animal welfare regulations collected samples.

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Balamurugan, V., Varghese, B., SowjanyaKumari, S. et al. Assessment of post-vaccination immune response to peste des petits ruminants virus in small ruminants in the central and western regions of India. VirusDis. 33, 413–421 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-022-00796-6

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