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Distribution and diversity of viruses infecting yams (Dioscorea spp.) in Cameroon

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Abstract

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is an important food crop cultivated for its edible tubers in Cameroon. Surveys were conducted in Cameroon to determine the incidence and severity of yam mosaic disease and associated viruses in 124 yam farms in four agro-ecological zones in 2014 and 2016. Dioscorea rotundata, D. cayenensis, D. alata, D. Dumetorum and D. bulbifera were most frequently detected yam species in the fields. Symptoms of virus disease were observed on 81.5% of the farms surveyed and the disease incidence ranged from 0 to 96.7%, with an overall mean of 26.5%. Mean symptom severity estimated using a numerical rating scale of 1–5, ranged from 2 to 4.1, with an overall mean of 2.6. Representative set of leaf samples collected from farmers’ fields were tested for three viruses known to cause yam mosaic disease in West Africa, viz., Yam mosaic virus (YMV), Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), using multiplex RT-PCR. YMV and YMMV were detected in 220 (37.2%) of the 591 samples tested and 75% of the farms surveyed. None of the samples tested positive to CMV. Phylogenetic analysis based on the coat protein sequencing of 27 YMV isolates clustered these isolates into three phylogenetic groups. This study demonstrated high prevalence of mosaic disease in yam fields and YMV as main causal agent. Knowledge generated in this study will be useful to augment diagnostic tools and yam mosaic disease control with a view to improve on yam production in Cameroon.

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Acknowledgements

We thank yam farmers for their cooperation and permission to survey their farms. We acknowledge the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (CRP-RTB) for financial support to this research work and PhD research fellowship granted to the first author. We also thank Mr. Samuel Nanga Nanga of IITA - Cameroon for preparing geographic maps.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box 2008, Messa, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    I. N. Azeteh & R. Hanna

  2. Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon

    I. N. Azeteh & A. P. Njukeng

  3. Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon

    P. N. Sakwe

  4. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria

    A. O. Oresanya & P. Lava Kumar

  5. Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Congo Basin Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, Box 11 951496, 90095, USA

    R. Hanna

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  1. I. N. Azeteh
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  3. A. P. Njukeng
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Correspondence to I. N. Azeteh.

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Azeteh, I.N., Hanna, R., Njukeng, A.P. et al. Distribution and diversity of viruses infecting yams (Dioscorea spp.) in Cameroon. VirusDis. 30, 526–537 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-019-00552-3

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