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Pathological changes, shedding pattern and cytokines responses in chicks infected with avian influenza-H9N2 and/or infectious bronchitis viruses

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Abstract

Avian influenza H9N2 (AIV-H9N2) and Infectious bronchitis (IB) viruses are the most commonly isolated viruses from poultry flocks suffering from respiratory signs with mortalities. The outcome of co-infection with both viruses hasn’t been yet well understood. In this study, eighty 1-day-old specific pathogen free chicks were divided into four distinct groups. Group 1 remained uninfected as negative control group; groups 2, 3 and 4 were inoculated with either AIV-H9N2 or IBV or co infected with AIV-H9N2 followed by IBV three days post inoculation respectively. Chicks were monitored for clinical and pathological changes, virus shedding and both Interleukin-6 (IL6) and Interferon gamma (IFNγ) cytokines immune responses. Clinical signs varied from mild to moderate respiratory signs in all challenged groups but were more severe in group 4 with mortalities in groups 3 and 4. Tracheal shedding of both viruses washigher in group 4 than group 2 and 3. Mean AIV-H9 virus titer in lung and kidney was higher in group 4 than group 2 in all time points. IFNγ mRNA gene expression in lung was significantly lower in groups3 and 4. In conclusion, this study reports that co-infection of chicks with both viruses enhances the pathogenicity, increases both viruses shedding and extend AIV-H9 replication with impairment of IFNγ stimulation in lung.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Mohamed Ahmed and Mai Morsi for their kind support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt

    Osama Mahana, Abdel-Sattar Arafa & Ahmed Erfan

  2. Deparment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt

    Hussein A. Hussein & Mohamed A. Shalaby

Authors
  1. Osama Mahana
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  2. Abdel-Sattar Arafa
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  3. Ahmed Erfan
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  4. Hussein A. Hussein
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  5. Mohamed A. Shalaby
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Correspondence to Osama Mahana.

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All procedures involving animals were reviewed and approved by the Research committee of the Animal Health Research Institute.

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Mahana, O., Arafa, AS., Erfan, A. et al. Pathological changes, shedding pattern and cytokines responses in chicks infected with avian influenza-H9N2 and/or infectious bronchitis viruses. VirusDis. 30, 279–287 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-018-00506-1

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