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Identification and characterization of a virulent population of Meloidogyne graminicola

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Abstract

Resistant rice varieties are considered to be a potential alternative for controlling the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne graminicola in the field due to their joint economic and environmental sustainability features. However, the emergence of virulent pathogen forms threatens natural resistance durability. In this study, we isolated a virulent M. graminicola population from a naturally infested field in Cambodia that overcomes the resistance of the Oryza sativa Zhonghua 11 rice variety. We used molecular (internal transcribed spacer of rDNA and mitochondrial markers) and morphological approaches to unequivocally identify and confirm the species identification. Few intraspecific variabilities in traits between the virulent pathotype and several avirulent pathotypes were found. Remarkably, histological analysis showed the absence of a hypersensitive response (HR) on root cells surrounding the nematode in the "virulent pathotype–Zhonghua 11" interaction. In addition, the virulent pathotype reproduced to a significant extent in two other Oryza sativa varieties known to be resistant to M. graminicola. However, this virulent population was unable to overcome the previously described resistance in three Oryza glaberrima varieties. We concluded that the virulent M. graminicola pathotype isolated in this study could compromise rice breeding programs based on the sole use of known resistant O. sativa gene pools. The identification of this virulent pathotype should provide the genetic resources needed to study the molecular mechanisms that may enable M. graminicola to bypass HR resistance.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Department of Nematology; the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology), under the FWO.106.2020.02 project, for providing access to the facilities for conducting morphology analysis of virulent M. graminicola (Mg). This research was financially supported by the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) for the Ph.D. research of student Nguyen Thi Hue.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LMI RICE-2, Agricultural Genetic Institute (AGI), Hanoi, Vietnam

    Hue Thi Nguyen

  2. Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam

    Hue Thi Nguyen

  3. Department of Agricultural Land Resources Management (DALRM), Phnom Penh Capital City, Cambodia

    Seng Vang

  4. CIRAD, INRAE, PHIM Plant Health Institute, University of Montpellier, IRD, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France

    Ngan Thi Phan, Pierre Czernic, Jamel Aribi, Anne-Sophie Masson & Stéphane Bellafiore

  5. Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam

    Phap Quang Trinh

  6. Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Phap Quang Trinh

  7. Research Center of Tropical Plant Disease, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi, Vietnam

    Cuong Viet Ha

  8. Research and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia (ITC), Phnom Penh, Cambodia

    Malyna Suong & Stéphane Bellafiore

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  1. Hue Thi Nguyen
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Nguyen, H.T., Vang, S., Phan, N.T. et al. Identification and characterization of a virulent population of Meloidogyne graminicola. Australasian Plant Pathol. 52, 391–405 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-023-00926-8

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