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Evaluation of mild strain cross protection in cacao – further evidence of the protective potential of cacao swollen shoot virus strain N1 against the New Juabeng (1A) isolate under field conditions

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Abstract

The yield, canopy status and cocoa swollen shoot virus disease (CSSVD) symptom severity were assessed in cacao trees in a long-term field experiment originally established to study cacao swollen shoot virus strain 1A (CSSV-1A) epidemics in plots inoculated with the mild strain CSSV-N1. Yield of cacao was 73.7% and 32.1% lower in cacao plants inoculated with CSSV-1A and the non-inoculated respectively, when compared with cacao plants inoculated with CSSV-N1. CSSVD severity and canopy cover of cacao plants were significantly (P < 0.0001) affected by varying the number of inner rows inoculated with CSSV-N1 as well as individual CSSV strains. The treatments in which all the test cacao trees or first five inner rows received mild strain cross protection (T4 and T1) had the best canopy and lowest disease severity. Trees with CSSV-N1 protection had better canopy and lower CSSVD severity in comparison with the non-inoculated and CSSV-1A inoculated trees. DNA fingerprinting analysis indicated that genetic make-up of the planting material does not appear to contribute significantly to variation in disease severity or canopy status. Significant relationships were established between some soil parameters and CSSVD symptom severity (organic carbon, phosphorus, calcium, nitrogen, magnesium) as well as canopy status (phosphorus, potassium, magnesium).

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their profound gratitude to Kai Johnson and Mawuli Adoblanui (of blessed memory), Henry Oboom, Collins Asomadu and Bright K. Quarshie (all of CRIG) for technical support. The authors are also grateful to Mr. Curt Doetkott, a consulting statistician at the Information Technology Services, North Dakota State University, and his assistant, Qian Wen, for analyzing some aspects of the data. We also acknowledge the immense contribution of Dr. Frank Owusu-Ansah (Biometrician, CRIG) in the design of the experiment and management of data.

Funding

This work was funded by CRIG under the project code CRIG/CC/5/14 and the manuscript is published with the kind permission of the Executive Director as manuscript number CRIG/04/2020/040/006.

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  1. Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Eastern Region, Ghana

    O. Domfeh, G. A. Ameyaw, A. Y. Boakye, M. O. Opoku-Agyeman, A. Arthur, A. Akpertey, F. K. Padi & H. K. Dzahini-Obiatey

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  1. O. Domfeh
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  2. G. A. Ameyaw
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Domfeh, O., Ameyaw, G.A., Boakye, A.Y. et al. Evaluation of mild strain cross protection in cacao – further evidence of the protective potential of cacao swollen shoot virus strain N1 against the New Juabeng (1A) isolate under field conditions. Australasian Plant Pathol. 50, 329–340 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-021-00777-1

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