Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Clinical Patterns and Risk Factors for Pneumonia Caused by Atypical Bacteria in Vietnamese Children

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Indian Pediatrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

To investigate clinical characteristics and risk factors for atypical community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children.

Methods

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction and specific IgM determination were used to detect atypical bacteria in 661 hospitalized children aged 1–15 years with CAP. Clinical and epidemiological patterns were compared between typical and atypical CAP.

Results

Children in atypical CAP group manifested significantly lower rates of wheezing, bronchial rales, and interstitial pneumonia and showed higher rates of asthma history, headache, chest pain, and lobar pneumonia. Age group, season of disease onset, asthma history, duration of symptom onset to hospital admission, and radiological findings were the significant risk factors for atypical CAP on multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions

The clinical characteristics and risk factors can be used to identify a child at high risk of atypical CAP.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Nair H, Simões EA, Rudan I, et al. Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010: A systematic analysis. Lancet. 2013;381:1380–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Hammerschlag MR. Pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae in children: Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003;36:384–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Cunha BA. The atypical pneumonia: Clinical diagnosis and Importance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006;2:12–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Huong PLT, Hien PT, Lan NTP, Binh TQ, Tuan DM, Anh DD First report on prevalence and risk factors of severe atypical pneumonia in Vietnamese children aged 1–15 years. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:1304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Salaria M, Singh M. Atypical pneumonia in children. Indian Pediatr. 2002:39:259–66.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, et al. The Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children Older Than 3 Months of Age: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53:617–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Miyashita N, Fukano H, Yoshida K, Niki Y, Matsushima T. Is it possible to distinguish between atypical pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia?: Evaluation of the guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia in Japan. Respir Med. 2004;98:952–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Takaki M, Nakama T, Ishida M, et al. High incidence of community-acquired pneumonia among rapidly aging population in Japan: A prospective hospital-based surveillance. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2014;67:269–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Campbell LA, Perez Melgosa M, Hamilton DJ, Kuo CC, Grayston JT Detection of chlamydia pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol. 1992;30:434.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Nagai T, Sobajima H, Iwasa M, et al. Neonatal sudden death due to Legionella pneumoniae associated with water birth in a domestic spa bath. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41:2227–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hanley JA, McNeil BJ. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology. 1982;143:29–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Fluss R, Faraggi D, Reiser B Estimation of the Youden Index and its associated cutoff point. Bio J. 2005;47:458–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, 2008.

  14. Mikasa K, Aoki N, Aoki Y, et al. JAID/JSC Guidelines for the Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases/Japanese Society of Chemotherapy — The JAID/JSC Guide to Clinical Management of Infectious Disease/Guideline-preparing Committee Respiratory Infectious Disease WG. J Infect Chemother. 2016;22:S1–S65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Huong PL, Thi NT, Nguyet NT, Van TK, Hang DT, Huong VT, et al. First report on clinical features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in Vietnamese children. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2007;60:370–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Prapphal N, Suwanjutha S, Durongkaveroj P, et al. Prevalence and clinical presentations of atypical pathogens infection in community acquired pneumonia in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai. 2006;89:1412–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Ma YJ, Wang SM, Cho YH, et al Taiwan Pediatric Infectious Disease Alliance. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics in children with community-acquired Mycoplasma pneumonia in Taiwan: A nationwide surveillance. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2015;48:632–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Prof. Nguyen Thanh Liem — Former Director of the Vietnam National Children’s Hospital for helpfully supporting the study, Ms. Do Thi Bich Ngoc and to our colleagues at National Institute of Hygiene & Epidemiology and Vietnam National Children’s Hospital for technical help.

Funding

Funding: National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED), grant no. 106.03-2010.36 from The Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam. Competing interest: None stated.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam

    Phan Le Thanh Huong, Nguyen Thi Phong Lan, Dang Duc Anh & Tran Quang Binh

  2. Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Pham Thu Hien & Dao Minh Tuan

  3. Dinh Tien Hoang Institute of Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Tran Quang Binh

Authors
  1. Phan Le Thanh Huong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pham Thu Hien
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nguyen Thi Phong Lan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dao Minh Tuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Dang Duc Anh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Tran Quang Binh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

PLTH: conceptualized and designed the study, designed and performed laboratory analyses, drafted the initial manuscript, reviewed and revised the manuscript; PTH: recruited patients, collected and entered data, follow-up patients; NTPL: participated in laboratory analyses, reviewed the manuscript; DMT: designed the study, recruited patients, follow-up patients, participated in discussion and interpretation of the findings; DDA: had a substantial contribution in experimental design and interpretation of ELISA and multiplex PCR, critically reviewed the manuscript; TQB: cleaned data, supervised data collection, performed statistical analyses and interpretation of findings, critically reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tran Quang Binh.

Ethics declarations

Research Ethics Committee Vietnam National Children’s Hospital; No. 1124/HDDD, dated 2 June, 2010.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Huong, P.L.T., Hien, P.T., Lan, N.T.P. et al. Clinical Patterns and Risk Factors for Pneumonia Caused by Atypical Bacteria in Vietnamese Children. Indian Pediatr 58, 1056–1058 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-021-2373-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-021-2373-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation