Abstract
To investigate the impact resistance of steel beams with different web openings, falling-hammer impact trials and numerical models analyses were performed, focusing on the impact energy, inter-opening space, and opening diameter. The impact resistance of steel beams with different web openings was analyzed, and damage-assessment curves for web-opening steel beams (WOSBs) under impact loads were established. The results showed that web-hexagonal-opening steel beams (WHOSBs) yielded greater damage-related deformation than web-circular-opening steel beams (WCOSBs) for the same impact energy. The average maximum mid-span displacement of the WCOSBs under the falling-hammer was 86.49% that of the WHOSBs, whereas the average energy absorption rate was 6.07% higher. The WCOSBs were more resistant to impacts than the WHOSBs. The impact velocity and mass were the key damage-assessment parameters, and velocity–mass damage-assessment curves and determination equations were established according to on the WOSBs’ maximum mid-span displacement under hinge-supported restraints at both ends. Thus, this study will serve as a reference for assessing the damages of WOSBs subjected to impacts.
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Abbreviations
- E :
-
Impact energy
- V, v :
-
Velocity of the impacting body
- M, m :
-
Mass of the impacting body
- S :
-
Inter-opening space
- D :
-
Opening diameter
- t f, t w :
-
Flange and web thinners, respectively
- H s :
-
Height of beam
- h w :
-
Height of web section
- b f :
-
Breadth of the flange
- L :
-
Span of the specimen
- L 0 :
-
Calculated span of the specimen
- f y, f u :
-
Yielding and extreme strengths of the steel in tension, respectively
- E s :
-
Elasticity module of specimen
- d1, d2, d3:
-
Position of displacement gauges
- H3, H4, O3, O4:
-
Hexagonal and circular openings in web, respectively
- F :
-
Impact force of specimen
- d 1 :
-
Mid-span displacement of specimen
- F max :
-
Maximal experimental of F
- F p :
-
Impact plateau value of F
- d 1, max :
-
Maximal displacements of d1
- E p :
-
Absorbed energy
- A 0, A b :
-
The lateral projected areas of openings H3, H4, O3, and O4 pre- and post-impact, respectively.
- δ :
-
Rate of reduction in the projected area of H3, H4, O3, and O4
- ε p :
-
Plastic strain rate
- D, q :
-
Parameters of the Cowper–Symonds model
- ε fd, ε fs :
-
Starting malleability-cracking straining for ductility and shear damages, separately
- ε u :
-
Maximal malleability straining of steel
- T σ :
-
Pressure triaxiality
- θ :
-
Allowable elastic–plastic angle at the support
- L :
-
Calculated span diameter of the steel beam
- d :
-
Maximal mid-span displacement
- A, B :
-
Dimensionless constants
- k :
-
Opening-pattern coefficient
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (Nos. 2022J01928 and 2020J01885) and the Fujian Provincial Department of Housing and Urban Rural Development Science and Technology Plan Project(Nos. 2022-K-71 and 2022-K-305).
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Chen, H., Huang, J., Fu, C. et al. Impact resistance and damage assessment of steel beams with different web openings. Int J Steel Struct 24, 405–416 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-024-00824-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-024-00824-9