Abstract
Convergent bracing system has long been considered by structural designers. However, the performance of this system during an earthquake has disadvantages such as high base shear and low energy absorption due to buckling of the braces. Thus, researchers have tried to improve the behavior of the structure by proposing the use of different dampers in the lateral bearing section. Meanwhile, yielding dampers as low-cost dampers with easy manufacturing technology compared to visco-elastic and non-buckling dampers have always attracted the attention of researchers. However, the proposed designs have generally a one-level behavior and the yielding members cause instability of the frame in the case of the failure. Accordingly, in this research, a new type of steel yielding damper with multi-level performance has been introduced, in which the flexural yield of the parallel trapezoidal plates has been used for the energy absorption process. Also, to ensure the stability of the braced frame in severe earthquakes, a simple support system has been included in its design. The damper has a pyramidal core that can be adjusted for stiffness and functional levels based on the seismic requirements of the frame. To perform this research, while performing finite element modeling, the relevant specimens were made and subjected to cyclic loading experimental tests. Also, a comparative nonlinear time history analyses on a seven story CBF frame has been done. The results indicated the appropriate and stable cyclic behavior of the two-level pyramidal damper, tolerance of cumulative displacements of about 2000 mm, absorption of a significant energy of 50 kJ and significant improvement in time history responses. Finally, multi-line behavior curve and a capacity chart of the damper is presented.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
X-Shaped Plate Added Damping and Stiffness.
Triangular-Shaped Plate Added Damping and Stiffness.
References
Akula, S. (2011). A high displacement metallic yielding device for passive energy dissipation. Buffalo: State University of New York.
Andalib, Z., Kafi, M. A., Kheyroddin, A., & Bazzaz, M. (2014). Experimental investigation of the ductility and performance of steel rings constructed from plates. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 103, 77–88.
ASTM Standard E8/E8M-13a. (2013). Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
Chan, R. W., & Albermani, F. (2008). Experimental study of steel slit damper for passive energy dissipation. Engineering Structures, 30(4), 1058–1066.
Chan, R. W., Albermani, F., & Williams, M. S. (2009). Evaluation of yielding shear panel device for passive energy dissipation. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 65(2), 260–268.
Cheraghi, A., & Zahrai, S. M. (2016). Innovative multi-level control with concentric pipes along brace to reduce seismic response of steel frames. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 127, 120–135.
Clark, P. K., Frank, H. K., & Shaw, R. (1997). Protocol for fabrication, inspection, testing, and documentation of beam-column connection tests and other experimental specimens.
Dargush, G. F., & Soong, T. T. (1995). Behavior of metallic plate dampers in seismic passive energy dissipation systems. Earthquake Spectra, 11(4), 545–568.
Ebadi Jamkhaneh, M., Ebrahimi, A. H., & Shokri Amiri, M. (2019). Experimental and numerical investigation of steel moment resisting frame with U-shaped metallic yielding damper. International Journal of Steel Structures, 19(3), 806–818.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) P695. (2009). Recommended Methodology for Quantification of Building System Performance and Response Parameters. Project ATC-63, Prepared by the Applied Technology Council, Redwood City.
Fujimoto, M., Wada, A., Saeki, E., Takeuchi, T., & Watanabe, A. (1990). Development of unbonded brace. Quarterly Column, 115(1), 91–96.
Garivani, S., Aghakouchak, A. A., & Shahbeyk, S. (2016). Numerical and experimental study of comb-teeth metallic yielding dampers. International Journal of Steel Structures, 16(1), 177–196.
Del Gobbo, G. M. (2019).Placement of fluid viscous dampers to improve total-building seismic performance. In Proceedings of the CSCE annual conference, Laval, Montreal, QC, Canada (pp. 12-15).
Gray, M. G., Christopoulos, C., & Packer, J. A. (2010) Cast steel yielding fuse for concentrically braced frames. In Proceedings of the 9th US national and 10th Canadian conference on earthquake engineering, vol. 9. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute and the Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering Oakland, CA, USA and Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Gray, M. G., Christopoulos, C., Packer, J. A., & Lignos, D. G. (2012). Development, validation, and modeling of the new cast steel yielding brace system. In 20th analysis and computation specialty conference (pp. 71–82).
Gray, M. G., Christopoulos, C., & Packer, J. A. (2014). Cast steel yielding brace system for concentrically braced frames: concept development and experimental validations. Journal of Structural Engineering, 140(4), 04013095.
Gray, M. G., Christopoulos, C., & Packer, J. A. (2017). Design and full-scale testing of a cast steel yielding brace system in a braced frame. Journal of Structural Engineering, 143(4), 04016210.
Hosseini, M., & Alavi, S. (2014). A kind of repairable steel buildings for seismic regions based on buildings’ rocking motion and energy dissipation at base level. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering-IJCSE, 1(3).
Hosseini, M., & Farsangi, E. N. (2012). Telescopic columns as a new base isolation system for vibration control of high-rise buildings. Earthquakes and Structures, 3(6), 853–867.
American Institute of Steel Construction. (2010). ANSI/AISC 360-10 Specification for structural steel buildings. AISC.
Kachooee, A., Kafi, M. A., & Gerami, M. (2018). The effect of local fuse on behavior of concentrically braced frame by a numerical study. Civil Engineering Journal, 4(3), 655–67.
Kimura, K., Yoshioka, K., Takeda, T., Fukuya, Z., & Takemoto, K. (1976). Tests on braces encased by mortar in-filled steel tubes. In: Summaries of technical papers of annual meeting, architectural institute of Japan (Vol. 1041, pp. 1-42).
Li, G., & Li, H.-N. (2013). Experimental study and application of metallic yielding–friction damper. Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 7(03), 1350012.
Ma, X., Krawinkler, H., & Deierlein, G. G. (2011) Seismic design and behavior of self-centering braced frame with controlled rocking and energy dissipating fuses. Blume Earthquake Engineering (Vol. 174). Center TR.
Mochizuki, N., Murata, Y., Andou, N., & Takahashi, S. (1988). An experimental study on buckling of unbonded braces under centrally applied loads. In Annual meeting of the architectural institute of Japan (in Japanese)
Mohammadi, R. K., Nasri, A., & Ghaffary, A. (2017). TADAS dampers in very large deformations. International Journal of Steel Structures, 17(2), 515–524.
Taiyari, F., Mazzolani, F. M., & Bagheri, S. (2019). Damage-based optimal design of friction dampers in multistory chevron braced steel frames. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 119, 11–20.
Tremblay, R., Christopoulos, C., Eng, P., Packer, J. A., & Carlos de Oliveira, M. A. (2008) Quasi-static cyclic testing of individual full-scale circular steel tubular braces equipped with cast connex™ high-strength connectors. University of Toronto.
Tsai, K. C., Chen, H. W., Hong, C. P., & Yung-Feng, Su. (1993). Design of steel triangular plate energy absorbers for seismic-resistant construction. Earthquake Spectra, 9(3), 505–528.
Watanabe, A., Hitomi, Y., Saeki, E., Wada, A., & Fujimoto, M. (1988). Properties of brace encased in buckling-restraining concrete and steel tube. In Proceedings of ninth world conference on earthquake engineering (Vol. 4, pp. 719-724).
Zibasokhan, H., Behnamfar, F., & Azhari, M. (2019). Experimental study of a new pure bending yielding dissipater. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 17(7), 4389–4410.
Funding
There is no funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
They authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Labibi, H., Gerami, M. & Hosseini, M. Experimental and Numerical Study of Pyramidal Steel Damper for Use in Frames with Diagonal Bracing. Int J Steel Struct 22, 1537–1556 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-022-00663-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-022-00663-6