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Focusing on long noncoding RNA dysregulation in gastric cancer

  • Review
  • Published:
Tumor Biology

Abstract

As the discovery of functions of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR lifts ncRNA to new levels, large numbers of research have been demonstrated for the roles of lncRNAs in diverse biological processes, such as development, cellular differentiation, and a wide range of diseases including cancer. And, recent studies have discovered that lncRNAs can participate in almost every step in the life cycle of gene regulation, including chromosome dosage compensation, imprinting, epigenetic regulation, nuclear and cytoplasmic trafficking, transcription, mRNA splicing, and translation, mainly in the four archetypes—signals, decoys, guides, and scaffolds. Unsurprisingly, accumulating studies have demonstrated that serious lncRNAs are dysregulated in gastric cancer (GC), one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and closely related to tumorigenesis, metastasis, or prognosis. In this review, we will discuss diverse functions of lncRNAs and highlight the growing evidence for the important roles of lncRNAs acting as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of GC, as indicators of GC prognosis, or even as therapeutic targets in GC.

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Abbreviations

NcRNA:

Noncoding RNA

miRNAs:

MicroRNAs

siRNAs:

Small interfering RNAs

lncRNAs:

Long noncoding RNAs

GC:

Gastric cancer

XIST:

X-inactive specific transcript

XCI:

X-chromosome inactivation

ORFs:

Open reading frames

HOX:

Homeobox transcription factors

hnRNP-K:

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K

Gas5:

Growth arrest-specific 5

GR:

Glucocorticoid receptor

H3K4:

Histone 3 lysine 4

PRC2:

Polycomb repressive complex 2

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

EMT:

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

NSCLC:

Nonsmall cell lung cancer

TNM:

Tumor-nodes-metastasis

MALAT1:

Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1

HULC:

Highly upregulated in liver cancer

IGF2BPs:

IGF2 mRNA-binding proteins

MEG3:

Maternally expressed gene 3

CCAT1:

Colon cancer-associated transcript-1

GHET1:

Gastric carcinoma high expressed transcript 1

GACAT1:

GC-associated transcript 1

FER1L4:

Fer-1-like protein 4

SUMO1P3:

Small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 pseudogene 3

MDR:

Multidrug resistance

MRUL:

MDR-related and upregulated lncRNA

ABCB1:

ATP-binding cassette subfamily B, member 1

ROC:

Receiver operating characteristic

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Scientific Funding (81171909).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Lu Gan & Weijian Guo

  2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Lu Gan, Midie Xu & Weijian Guo

  3. Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Midie Xu

  4. Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Midie Xu

  5. Department of Clinical Nutrition, The 452nd Hospital of PLA, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China

    Yi Zhang

  6. Department of Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China

    Xia Zhang

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  1. Lu Gan
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  2. Midie Xu
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  4. Xia Zhang
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Correspondence to Weijian Guo.

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Gan, L., Xu, M., Zhang, Y. et al. Focusing on long noncoding RNA dysregulation in gastric cancer. Tumor Biol. 36, 129–141 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-2894-9

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