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Binding of silver nanowaste using jellyfish immune reaction extract and an assessment of aquatic toxicity

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A Correction to this article was published on 28 January 2022

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Abstract

Background

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have various industrial applications; however, when released into wastewater, AgNPs have significant effects on aquatic ecosystems.

Objective

Silver nanowaste materials in aquatic ecosystems could be conjugated and removed using jellyfish immune reaction extract (JEIs). In this study, we investigate the biological effects of JEIs and JEIs with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on zebrafish embryogenesis and aquatic bacteria. JEIs were extracted using two methods, a previously established method (AJEI) and the new JEI extraction method (BJEI).

Results

BJEI bound 96.64% (2 mg/L) of nano-Ag-citrate (AgN-Citrate) and 96.17% of nano-Ag-polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (AgN-PVP) 1 h following exposure, and significantly reduced the toxic effect of AgNPs on zebrafish embryos to a greater extent than AJEI, extracted using the previous method. However, upon exposure to BJEI, the number of viable aquatic bacteria was reduced owing to the antibacterial effects of JEI.

Conclusion

JEIs captured Ag-citrate NPs and AgN-PVP and reduced their nano-toxicity. The BJEI extraction method resulted in lower toxicity for zebrafish embryogenesis, as copmared to that with AJEI. JEI has antibacterial effects; however, information on the specific targets of the antibacterial materials is scarce. JEI did not accumulate or persist since it is a reaction material from the jellyfish and degraded in aquatic environments. Therefore, BJEI can be a promising material for removing AgNPs from aquatic ecosystems.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), which is funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2019R1A2C1004616). Also, this work was supported by Korea Environment Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) through Ecological Imitation-based Environmental Pollution Management Technology Development Project, funded by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) (2021002800018).

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Author notes

  1. Euna Kim and Min-Kyeong Yeo contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Environmental Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea

    Euna Kim, Min-Kyeong Yeo, Bong Gu Lee & Sun Woo Geum

  2. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea

    Min-Kyeong Yeo

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  1. Euna Kim
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Contributions

EK formal analysis (equal); writing-original draft (equal); data curation (equal); Methodology (equal). M-KY conceptualization (equal); funding acquisition (equal); supervision (equal); writing-review and editing (equal). BGL methodology (equal). SWG methodology (equal).

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Correspondence to Min-Kyeong Yeo.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interest. Author Euna Kim declares that she has no conflict of interest. Author Min-Kyeong Yeo declares that she has no conflict of interest. Author Bong Gu Lee declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Sun Woo Geum declares that she has no conflict of interest.

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The original online version of this article was revised: Due to an unfortunate oversight during the e.proofing, Table 3 has been given erroneously.

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Kim, E., Yeo, MK., Lee, B.G. et al. Binding of silver nanowaste using jellyfish immune reaction extract and an assessment of aquatic toxicity. Mol. Cell. Toxicol. 18, 339–348 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-021-00199-6

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