Abstract
The effect of internal heat generation on free convection along a vertical plate embedded in a nanofluid saturated non-Darcy porous medium in the presence of suction/injection is analyzed. The non-linear governing equations and their associated boundary conditions are initially cast into dimensionless forms by non-dimensional variables. The resulting equations are solved numerically by an accurate, implicit, iterative finite-difference methodology and the obtained results are compared favorably with previously published work. A parametric study is performed to illustrate influence of the temperature exponent, non-Darcy, suction/injection, Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters on the profiles of the velocity components, temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction. The numerical data for the heat and nanoparticle mass transfer rates have been tabulated for various parametric conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P. Cheng and W. J. Minkowycz, Free convection about a verticalflat plate embedded in a saturated porous medium with applications to heat transfer, Dike. J. Geopkys. Res., 82 (1977), 2040–2044.
P. Cheng, Natural Convection in a Porous Medium: Natural Convection: Fundamentals and Applications, Hemisphere Publishers, Washington, DC, (1985), 475–513.
K. Vafai and C.L. Tien, Boundary and inertia effects on flow and heat transfer in porous media, Int. J Heat Mass Transfer, 24 (1981), 195–203.
P. Ranganathan and R. Viskanta, Mixed convection boundary layer flow along a vertical surface in a porous medium, Numer. Heat Transfer, 7 (1984), 305–317.
D. A. Nield and A. Bejan, Convection in Porous Media, 3rd edn. Springer-Verlag, New-York (2006).
P. A. L. Narayana and P. V. S. N. Murthy, Free convective heat and mass transfer in a doubly stratified non-Darcy porous medium, J. Heat Transfer, 128 (2006), 1204–1212.
R. R. Kairi and P. V. S. N. Murthy, Free convection in a thermally stratified non-Darcy porous medium, Int. J. of Fluid Mechanics Research, 36 (2009), 414–423.
A. J. Chamkha, S. M. M. EL-Kabeir and A. M. Rashad, Heat and mass transfer by non-Darcy free convection from a vertical cylinder embedded in porous media with a temperature-dependent viscosity, Int. J. of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 21 (2011), 847–863.
P. H. Roberts, Convection in horizontal layers with internal heat generation: theory, J. Fluid Mech., 30 (1967), 33–49.
M. Jahn and H. H. Reinke, Free convection heat transfer with internal energies sources: calculation and measurements, Paper NC 2.8, Proceedings of the 5th Int. Heat Transfer Conference, Tokyo, Japan, (1974), 74–78.
H. C. Hardee and P. H. Nilson, Natural convection in porous media with heat generation, Nuclear Sci. Engng, 63 (1977), 119–132.
W. E. Stewart and C. L. G. Dona, Free convection in a heat-generating porous medium in a finite vertical cylinder, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 110 (1988), 517–520.
A. Postelnicu, I. Pop and D. Grosan, Free convection boundary-layer flows over a vertical permeable flat plate in porous media with internal heat generation, Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, 27 (2000), 729–738.
A. J. Chamkha, A. F. Al-Mudhaf and I. Pop, Effect of heat generation or absorption on thermophoretic free convection boundary layer from a vertical flat plate embedded in a porous medium, Int. Commun Heat and Mass Transfer, 33 (2006), 1096–1102.
G. Singh, P. R. Sharma and A. J. Chamkha, Effect of volumetric heat generation/absorption on mixed convection stagnation point flow on an iso-thermal vertical plate in porous media, Int. J. Industrial Mathematics, 2 (2010), 59–71.
P. Cheng, The influence of lateral mass flux on free convection boundary layers in a saturated porous medium, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 20 (1977), 201–206.
R. Cortell, Flow and heat transfer of a fluid through a porous medium over a stretching surface with internal heat generation/absorption and suction/blowing, Fluid Dynamics Research, 37 (2005), 231–245.
M. E. Ali, The effect of lateral mass flux on the natural convection boundary layers induced by a heated vertical plate embedded in a saturated porous medium with internal heat generation, Int. J. of Thermal Sciences, 46 (2007), 157–163.
D. Srinivasacharya, J. Pranitha and Ch. RamReddy, MHD and Radiation effects on non-Darcy mixed convection, Int. J. of Nonlinear Science, 10 (2010), 61–69.
S. U. S. Choi, Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluid with nanoparticles, D.A. Siginer, H.P. Wang (Eds.), Developments and Applications of Non-Newtonian Flows, FED-V. 231/MD-V.66, ASME, New York, (1995), 99–105.
J. Buongiorno, Convective transport in nanofluids, ASME J Heat Transfer, 128 (2006), 240–250.
S. Kakac and A. Pramuanjaroenkij, Review of convective heat transfer enhancement with nanofluids, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 52 (2009), 3187–3196.
D. A. Nield and A. V. Kuznetsov, The Cheng-Minkowycz problem for natural convective boundary-layer flow in a porous medium saturated by a nanofluid, Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52 (2009a), 5792–5795.
D. A. Nield and A. V. Kuznetsov, Thermal instability in a porous medium layer saturated by a nanofluid, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 52 (2009b), 5796–5801.
A. J. Chamkha, R. S. R. Gorla and K. Ghodeswar, Non-similar solution for natural convective boundary layer flow over a sphere embedded in a porous medium saturated with a nanofluid, Transp Porous Med., 86 (2011), 13–22.
D. A. Nield and A. V. Kuznetsov, The Cheng-Minkowycz problem for the double-diffusive natural convective boundary layer flow in a porous medium saturated by a nanofluid, Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer, 54 (2011), 374–378.
R. S. R. Gorla and A. J. Chamkha, Natural convective boundary layer flow over a horizontal plate embedded in a porous medium saturated with a nanofluid, Journal of Modern Physics, 2 (2011), 62–71.
A. Mahdy and S. E. Ahmed, Laminar free convection over a vertical wavy surface embedded in a porous medium saturated with a nanofluid, Transp Porous Med., 91 (2012), 423–435.
A. J. Chamkha and A. M. Rashad, Natural Convection from a vertical permeable cone in nanofluid saturated porous media for uniform heat and nanoparticles volume fraction fluxes, Int. J. of Numerical Methods for Heat and Fluid Flow, 22 (2012), 1073–1085.
F. G. Blottner, Finite-difference methods of solution of the boundary layer equations, AIAA J., 8 (1970), 193–205.
P. Cheng, The influence of lateral mass flux on free convection boundary layers in a saturated porous medium, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 20 (1977), 201–206.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chamkha, A.J., Rashad, A.M., Reddy, C.R. et al. Effect of suction/injection on free convection along a vertical plate in a nanofluid saturated non-Darcy porous medium with internal heat generation. Indian J Pure Appl Math 45, 321–342 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13226-014-0066-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13226-014-0066-7