Abstract
Genus Mucuna encompasses several plant species renowned for their utilization in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, chiefly due to their exceptionally high L-dopa content relative to other plants. However, limited information exists regarding Mucuna laticifera, a newly identified species within the Mucuna genus. This study unveils a remarkable L-dopa content of 174.3 mg/g in M. laticifera seeds, surpassing all previously documented Mucuna species. Moreover, this research marks the first documentation of L-dopa, flavonoids, and phenolics within M. laticifera seeds. Furthermore, the aqueous extract derived from these seeds exhibits robust antioxidant properties. Investigation into its anti-inflammatory potential reveals a significant reduction in paw swelling and neutrophil infiltration at inflammatory sites in a carrageenan-induced rat model. Gene expression analysis utilizing a rat paw model demonstrates that the seed extract significantly downregulates the expression of various inflammation-related genes compared to carrageenan-treated rats. Collectively, these findings clearly substantiate the anti-inflammatory activity of M. laticifera seed extract. The exceptional L-dopa content combined with its anti-inflammatory properties position M. laticifera seeds as a promising therapeutic option for neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s, as well as various inflammatory conditions.
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Abbreviations
- COX-2:
-
Cyclooxygenase-2
- DPPH:
-
2,2-Diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl
- FRAP:
-
Free reducing antioxidant power
- GAE:
-
Gallic acid equivalent
- GAPDH:
-
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- IL-10:
-
Interleukin 10
- IL-1β:
-
Interleukin-1 beta
- IL-6:
-
Interleukin 6
- iNOS:
-
Inducible nitric oxide synthase
- MCP-1:
-
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MLH:
-
High dose of M. laticifera seed extract
- MLL:
-
Low dose of M. laticifera seed extract
- NF-κB:
-
Nuclear factor kappa B
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- TGF-β1:
-
Transforming growth factor beta 1
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor alpha
- TPTZ:
-
2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine
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Acknowledgements
The author Viresh Thamke would like to thank University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India, for providing a postdoctoral fellowship under the scheme Dr. D. S. Kothari Postdoctoral Fellowship, India (No.F.4-2/2006(BSR)/BL/17-18/0569). The author would like to thank Dr. Kisan M. Kodam for providing microscope and imaging facility.
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Supplementary file1 Figure S1: The toxicological impact of M. laticifera seed extract was tested on rat from lower (100 mg/kg BW) to higher (1000 mg/kg BW) concetration and its effect was monitored on different organs of Wistar rat. (Aa-Ad) normal histologic architecture of the kidney with well-organized glomeruli (G); (Ba-Bd) normal hepatocytes near to the central vein; (Ca-Cd) shows normal glial and neural cells in cerebral tissue; (Da-Dd) shows normal heart cells; (Ea-Ed) histological section of large intestine; (Fa-Fd) histological section showing normal lung, arrow represents bronchiole (B); (Ga-Gd) spleen shows the white pulp (WP) and red pulp (RP) (DOCX 6180 KB).
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Thamke, V., Suryawanshi, S., Aware, C. et al. Mucuna laticifera: unprecedented L-dopa content and its role in neurodegenerative and inflammatory conditions. 3 Biotech 14, 126 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-024-03969-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-024-03969-w