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Glutathione S-transferase: a versatile protein family

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Abstract

Glutathione-S transferase (GST) is a most ancient protein superfamily of multipurpose roles and evolved principally from gene duplication of an ancestral GSH binding protein. They have implemented in diverse plant functions such as detoxification of xenobiotic, secondary metabolism, growth and development, and majorly against biotic and abiotic stresses. The vital structural features of GSTs like highly divergent functional topographies, conserved integrated architecture with separate binding pockets for substrates and ligand, the stringent structural fidelity with high Tm values (50º–60º), and stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region offer this protein as most flexible plant protein for plant breeding approaches, biotechnological applications, etc. This review article summarizes the recent information of GST evolution, and their distribution and structural features with emphasis on the assorted roles of Ser and Cys GSTs with the signature motifs in their active sites, alongside their recent biotechnological application in the area of agriculture, environment, and nanotechnology have been highlighted.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Vaish et al. 2018)

Fig. 3

adopted from Vaish et al. 2018)

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Abbreviations

GST:

Glutathione S-Transferase

GSH:

Glutathione;

TCHQD:

Tetrachloro-hydroquinone dehalogenase

EF1B γ:

Elongation factor 1B gamma

DHAR:

Dehydroascorbate reductases

GHRs:

Glutathionyl-hydroquinone reductases

mPGES-2 s:

Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase type 2

Cyt P450s:

Cytochrome P450s

SMV:

Soybean Mosaic Virus

BaMV:

Bamboo Mosaic Virus

ROS:

Reactive Oxygen Species

POD:

Peroxidases

SOD:

Superoxide Dismutase

GPOX:

Glutathione Peroxidase

Ka/Ks ratio:

Nonsynonymous/ Synonymous Mutation

AsA:

Ascorbic Acid

GSTU:

Tau GST

GSTF:

Phi GST

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  1. Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow Deva Road, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, 225003, India

    Swati Vaish & Divya Gupta

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, KK Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India

    Rajesh Mehrotra & Sandhya Mehrotra

  3. Faculty of Bioscience, Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow-Deva Road, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mahesh Kumar Basantani

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  1. Swati Vaish
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Vaish, S., Gupta, D., Mehrotra, R. et al. Glutathione S-transferase: a versatile protein family. 3 Biotech 10, 321 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02312-3

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