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Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and chemical profiling of Curvularia tsudae endophytic in Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers

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Abstract

There is a growing body of evidence that endophytic fungal metabolites possess important biological activities. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., a well-known grass species with potential medicinal properties, is under-explored for the diversity of endophytic fungal species and their metabolites. We report here the diversity of endophytic fungi in the culm, leaf and inflorescence of Cynodon dactylon when cultured on moist blotter (MB), potato dextrose agar (PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA). Species richness, Shannon and Simpson diversity and evenness indices showed that PDA followed by MEA supported the growth of the largest number of fungal species. Amongst four fungal species tested, Curvularia tsudae was selected for further studies on antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The mycelial mat (MM) and culture filtrate (CF) of PD broth grown Curvularia tsudae extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively, were subjected to antimicrobial assay against five bacterial and four fungal test isolates. Results indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of CF had moderate activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescence and Staphylococcus aureus whereas the methanolic MM extract showed high to moderate activity to Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and Fusarium oxysporum. Cyclic voltammetric analysis of ethyl acetate extract showed very good antioxidant activity and the extract contained coumarins when determined by HPLC. High-resolution orbitrap LC–MS of ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of metabolites with antimicrobial and antioxidant and other biological activities. Finding of the present study suggested that Curvularia tsudae could be exploited for pharmaceutical applications.

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Acknowledgements

A part of the research paper is based on the M.Sc. project work of the first author who acknowledges Kuvempu University for financial support. The authors thank the Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), IIT, Bombay for OHR LC–MS service for chemical profiling. Special thanks to Mr. Chethan Kumar Naik and Mr. Shashikumar J.K, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, for the assistance during Cyclic voltammetric analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of PG Studies and Research in Applied Botany, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, 577 451, India

    R. Nischitha & M. B. Shivanna

  2. Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Science, GKVK, Banaglore, 560 065, India

    M. M. Vasanthkumari

  3. Department of PG Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, 577 451, India

    B. E. Kumaraswamy

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  1. R. Nischitha
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  2. M. M. Vasanthkumari
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  3. B. E. Kumaraswamy
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  4. M. B. Shivanna
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Contributions

MBS conceived the initial work idea and NR performed the laboratory experiments and data analysis. MBS, NR and MMV worked on the data interpretation of the work. BEKS helped NR to perform Cyclic voltammetry in their laboratory. NR prepared the first draft copy of the manuscript and the corrections were made and finalized by MBS. All four authors NR, MMV, BEKS and MBS authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to M. B. Shivanna.

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Nischitha, R., Vasanthkumari, M.M., Kumaraswamy, B.E. et al. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and chemical profiling of Curvularia tsudae endophytic in Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 3 Biotech 10, 300 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02250-0

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