Abstract
Fungal gluco-amylase is required for the production of sugars from starchy substrates. Commercially available fungal gluco-amylase is quite costly which makes the process uneconomical. This study was undertaken to standardize physico-chemical parameters for optimum production of gluco-amylases from Aspergillus spp. Two fungal cultures, i.e., Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus, were compared for gluco-amylase activity both under stationary and shake flask conditions. Among two fungal cultures, maximum gluco-amylase activity was shown by A. niger (243.09 U/ml) under stationary conditions as compared to A. terreus (126.34 U/ml). Gluco-amylase activity of A. niger increases by 42.48% from 243.09 to 346.35 U/ml after optimization using response surface methodology, whereby a substrate concentration of 7%, yeast extract 0.25%, temperature 32.5 °C and pH 5.5 were found to be optimum for gluco-amylase production. Crude enzyme was compared with commercial enzyme and it was found that when 500 U of Glucoamylase ex. Rhizopus were inoculated into starch-supplemented minimal media (SSMM) liquefied using 2 g of fungal diastase, it increases the reducing sugar concentration from 2.19 to 21.15 mg/ml and a saccharification efficiency of 77.7% was achieved, whereas 1.5 ml of crude enzyme (extracted from A. niger) was able to produce 14.46 mg/ml of reducing sugars with a saccharification efficiency of 53.2%.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AACC (2000) Approved methods of American association of cereal chemists, 10th edn. MN American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul
Ayodeji AO, Ajele JO (2016) Optimization of culture parameters for production of raw starch degrading amylase from isolated soil fungal species in Akure, Nigeria. Proc Biochem 28:170–177
Bagheri A, Khodarahmi R, Mostafaie A (2014) Purification and biochemical characterisation of glucoamylase from a newly isolated Aspergillus niger: relation to starch processing. J Food Chem 161:270–278
Bernfeld P (1955) Amylases, alpha and beta. Methods Enzymol 1:149–158
Clegg KM (1956) The application of anthrone reagent to the estimation of starch in cereals. J Sci Food Agric 7:40–44
Gao J, Weng H, Zhu D, Yuan M, Guan F, Xi Y (2008) Production and characterization of cellulolytic enzymes from the thermoacidophilic fungal Aspergillus terreus M11 under solid-state cultivation of corn stover. Biores Technol 99:7623–7629
Hudeckova H, Supinova P, Babak L (2017) Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of waste bread before fermentation. Appl Microbiol 65:35–40
Jagatee S, Pradhan C, Dash PK, Sahoo S, Mohanty RC (2015) Optimization for saccharification of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) flour for enhanced ethanol production. Int J Sci Technol Manag 4:67–76
Kunamneni A, Singh S (2005) Response surface optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of maize starch for higher glucose production. Biochem Eng J 27:179–190
Malik S, Iftikhar T, Haq I, Khattak MI (2013) Process optimization for amylo-glucosidase by a mutant strain of Aspergillus niger in stirred fermenter. Pak J Bot 45:663–666
Mangat M, Kalra KL, Kocher GS, Phutela R, Sharma S (2010) Comparative ethanol production from two corn varieties by commercial enzymes. Starch/Starke 62:647–651
Miller GJ (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars. Anal Chem 31:426–428
Mustafa SR, Husaini A, Hipolito CN, Suhaili N, Roslan HA (2016) Application of response surface methodology for optimizing process parameters in the production of amylase by Aspergillus flavus NSH9 under solid state fermentation. Braz Arch Biol Technol 59:615–632
Nwagu AT, Okolo BN (2011) Extracellular amylase production of a thermotolerant Fusarium sp. isolated from eastern nigerian soil. Proc Biochem 54:649–658
Pervez S, Aman A, Iqbal S, Siddiqui N, Qader S (2014) Saccharification and liquefaction of cassava starch: an alternative source for the production of bioethanol using amylolytic enzymes by double fermentation process. J Biotechnol 14:49–52
Sahni TK, Goel A (2015) Microbial enzymes with special reference to α-amylase. Bio Evol 2:19–25
Vihinen M, Mantsala P (1989) Microbial amylolytic enzymes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 24:329–419
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jain, D., Katyal, P. Optimization of gluco-amylase production from Aspergillus spp. for its use in saccharification of liquefied corn starch. 3 Biotech 8, 101 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1131-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1131-4