Abstract
Barium titanate powders of ~ 50 nm size were pre-synthesized using a hydrothermal technique to lower sintering and calcination temperatures of (1-x)BaTiO3–xLi0.5Bi0.5TiO3 solid solutions. The obtained powders of the solid solutions were analyzed using TEM and X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy to indicate their properties. The Rietveld analysis was used to confirm the formation of ferroelectric tetragonal single-phase (1-x)BaTiO3–xLi0.5Bi0.5TiO3 solid solutions. The effects of varying concentrations of Li0.5Bi0.5TiO3 on the structure and dielectric properties were investigated. The unit cell volume decreased with increasing Li and Bi concentration due to the smaller ionic radius of lithium compared to barium. Increasing lithium concentration caused the phase transition in barium titanate to blur, and a liquid phase formed at the grain boundaries, significantly reducing the sintering temperature. Increasing Li and Bi concentration led to a decrease in sintering temperature from 1240 °C (at x = 0.05) to 1100 °C (at x = 0.5).
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National research foundation of Ukraine within the framework of the “Microwave devices based on resonant structures with metamaterial properties for the life protection and information security of Ukraine” project (ID 2021.01/0030). The authors express their gratitude to the Armed Forces of Ukraine for providing security to perform this work. This work has become possible only because of the resilience and courage of the Ukrainian Army.
Funding
The work was carried out with financial support from National research foundation of Ukraine within the framework of the “Microwave devices based on resonant structures with metamaterial properties for the life protection and information security of Ukraine” project (ID 2021.01/0030).
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Plutenko, T., V’yunov, O., Ischenko, M. et al. Ferroelectric solid solutions based on (1-x)BaTiO3–xLi0.5Bi0.5TiO3 with colossal dielectric constant for metamaterial applications. Appl Nanosci 13, 7625–7630 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-023-02964-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-023-02964-6