Abstract
Exhaustion of fossil resources and deterioration of the ecosystems have led to the development of environmentally friendly processes of “green” chemistry and the active use of renewable bioresources such as carbohydrates. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a promising platform substance which can be used as feedstock for syntheses for new generation of biopolymer materials, fuels, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, food additives and a number of other important chemicals. Polycationic forms of faujasite zeolites are characterized by Brønsted and Lewis acidity. They are known to be effective catalysts for a range of petrochemical reactions. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the activity of polycationic faujasite zeolite catalysts in glucose conversion into 5-HMF. A number of polycationic samples of similar chemical composition were synthesized under different hydrothermal conditions. The obtained catalysts were characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy, pyridine adsorption, ammonia TPD, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, and DTA/TG. Having similar chemical composition, the synthesized samples were characterized by different Brønsted to Lewis acidity ratio, by the additional occurrence of extra-framework alumina at high temperatures. The main product of glucose conversion was 5-HMF. The samples subjected to modification under mild hydrothermal conditions were observed to show the highest acidity and the best catalytic performance in glucose dehydration. The yields of 5-HMF were found to increase with increasing number of medium-strength acid sites in the samples. Glucose dehydration over polycationic faujasite zeolites proceeds with up to 40–50% 5-HMF yields and 50% selectivity. The greater the weight loss of catalysts in DTA/TG investigations, the greater were the yields of 5-HMF in glucose conversion. Weight losses correlate with acidity of the catalysts. Therefore, polycationic faujasite zeolites can be considered as promising catalysts for glucose conversion into 5-HMF, warranting further studies in this direction.
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Acknowledgements
The publication contains the results of studies conducted by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Ukraine project 2020.01/0042 «Conversion of biofeedstock materials on zeolite-containing catalysts—a way to obtain heterocyclic compounds as perspective components of a new generation of fuels». The authors thank PhD O.V. Melnychuk for performing the nitrogen adsorption/desorption experiments.
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Patrylak, L., Konovalov, S., Yakovenko, A. et al. Polycationic nanostructured faujasite zeolite catalysts for glucose transformation into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Appl Nanosci 13, 5743–5754 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-023-02820-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-023-02820-7