Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) stabilized by rhamnolipid (RL), which was separated from the supernatant of the genus Pseudomonas sp. PS-17, were synthesized. Using TEM it was found that the mean size of obtained AgNPs does not depend on the initial concentration of Ag+ but is increased with the decrease of the concentration of RL. During XRD-phase analysis it was determined, that the Ag (space group Fm-3m, Cu-structure type) is the main phase that was identified. The kinetics of the formation of AgNPs was studied in detail using the UV–Vis spectroscopy. It was observed that in all cases the kinetic curves are sigmoidal shape and are characterized by a well-notable induction period that permits to assume the homogeneous nucleation of AgNPs and their autocatalytic growth. Experimental kinetic curves were fitted using different types of Finke-Watzky schemes of continuous nucleation and fast autocatalytic growth of particles and the observable rate constants of nucleation and growth were estimated. Based on the established regularities of “green” synthesis of AgNPs stabilized by RL, the method of obtaining their colloidal solutions was optimized. A laboratory model of a flow tubular reactor for the synthesis of colloidal solutions of AgNPs has been created.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.
References
Ahmad S, Munir S, Zeb N, Ullah A, Khan B, Ali J, Bilal M, Omer M, Alamzeb M, Salman SM, Ali S (2019) Green nanotechnology: a review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles—an ecofriendly approach. Int J Nanomedicine 14:5087 (10.2147%2FIJN.S200254)
Akselrud L, Grin Y (2014) WinCSD: software package for crystallographic calculations (Version 4). J Appl Cryst 47(2):803–805. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576714001058
Amooaghaie R, Saeri MR, Azizi M (2015) Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Nigella sativa leaf extract in comparison with chemical silver nanoparticles. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 120:400–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.025
Atwater HA, Polman A (2010) Plasmonics for improved photovoltaic devices. Nat Mater 9:205–213. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814317665_0001
Bar H, Bhui DKR, Sahoo GP, Sarkar P, De SP, Misra A (2009) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using latex of Jatropha curcas. Colloids Surf A 339:134–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.02.008
Bazylyak L, Kytsya A, Kuntyi O, Koretska N, Pokynbroda T, Prokopalo A, Karpenko O (2022) Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles stabilized by ramnolipid. Visnyk Lviv Univ Ser Chem 63:363–372. https://doi.org/10.30970/vch.6301.363. (In Ukrainian)
Besson C, Finney EE, Finke RG (2005) Nanocluster nucleation, growth, and then agglomeration kinetic and mechanistic studies: a more general, four-step mechanism involving double autocatalysis. Chem Mat 17(20):4925–4938. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm050207x
Bhainsa KC, D’Souza SF (2006) Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Aspergillus fumigates. Colloids Surf B 47:160–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2005.11.026
Chandran SP, Chaudhary M, Pasricha R, Ahmad A, Sastry M (2006) Synthesis of gold nanotriangles and silver nanoparticles using Aloe vera plant extract. Biotechnol Prog 22:577–583. https://doi.org/10.1021/bp0501423
Deepak V, Umamaheshwaran PS, Guhan K, Nanthini RA, Krithiga B, Jaithoon NM, Gurunathan S (2011) Synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using purified URAK. Colloid Surface B 86:353–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.04.019
Desireddy A et al (2013) Ultrastable silver nanoparticles. Nature 501:399–402. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12523
Finney EE, Finke RG (2008) The four-step, double-autocatalytic mechanism for transition-metal nanocluster nucleation, growth, and then agglomeration: metal, ligand, concentration, temperature, and solvent dependency studies. Chem Mat 20(5):1956–1970. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm071088j
Finney EE, Shields SP, Buhro WE, Finke RG (2012) Gold nanocluster agglomeration kinetic studies: evidence for parallel bimolecular plus autocatalytic agglomeration pathways as a mechanism-based alternative to an avrami-based analysis. Chem Mater 24(10):1718–1725. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm203186y
Grytsenko O, Pokhmurska A, Suberliak S, Kushnirchuk M, Panas M, Moravskyi V, Kovalchuk R (2018) Technological features in obtaining highly effective hydrogel dressings for medical purposes. East Eur J Enterp Technol 6(6):6–13. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2018.150690
Gurunathan S, Kalishwaralal K, Vaidyanathan R, Deepak V, Pandian SRK, Muniyandi J, Hariharan N, Eom SH (2009) Biosynthesis, purification and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Escherichia coli. Colloids Surf B 74:328–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.07.048
Gurunathan S, Han J, Park JH, Kim JH (2014a) A green chemistry approach for synthesizing biocompatible gold nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett 9:248. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-9-248
Gurunathan S, Han JW, Kwon DN, Kim JH (2014b) Enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Nanoscale Res Lett 9:373. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-9-373
Gurunathan S, Jeong JK, Han JW, Zhang XF, Park JH, Kim JH (2015) Multidimensional effects of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles in Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter felis, and human lung (L132) and lung carcinoma A549 cells. Nanoscale Res Lett 10:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-015-0747-0
Gurunathan S (2015) Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles enhances antibiotic activity against Gram-negative bacteria. J Ind Eng Chem 29:217–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2015.04.005
Hoops S, Sahle S, Gauges R, Lee C, Pahle J, Simus N, Singhal M, Xu L, Mendes P, Kummer U (2006) COPASI—a COmplex PAthway SImulator. Bioinformatics 22(24):3067–3074. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl485
Kalimuthu K, Babu RS, Venkataraman D, Bilal M, Gurunathan S (2008) Biosynthesis of silver nanocrystals by Bacillus licheniformis. Colloid Surface B 65:150–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.02.018
Kalishwaralal K, Deepak V, RamKumarPandian S, Nellaiah H, Sangili-yandi S (2008) Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by the culture supernatant of Bacillus licheniformis. Mater Lett 62:4411–4413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2008.06.051
Kalishwaralal K, Deepak V, RamKumarPandian S, Kottaisamy M, BarathManiKanth S, Kartikeyan B, Gurunathan S (2010) Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Brevibacterium casei. Colloids Surf B 77:257–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.02.007
Kapoor RT, Salvadori MR, Rafatullah M, Siddiqui MR, Khan MA, Alshareef SA (2021) Exploration of microbial factories for synthesis of nanoparticles–a sustainable approach for bioremediation of environmental contaminants. Front Microbiol 12:1404. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.658294
Karpenko EV, Pokynbroda TY, Makitra RG, Palchykova EY (2009) Optimal methods for isolating the biogenic surfactant rhamnolipids. J Gen Chem 12:2011 (in Russian)
Klaus T, Joerger R, Olsson E, Granqvist CG (1999) Silver-based crystalline nanoparticles, microbially fabricated. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:13611–13614. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.24.13611
Koval’chuk EP, Ogenko VM, Reshetnyak OV, Pereviznyk OB, Davydenko N, Marchuk IE (2010) Surface modification of silver microparticles with 4-thioaniline. Electrochima Acta 55(18):5154–5162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.023
Krishnaraj C, Jagan EG, Rajasekar S, Selvakumar P, Kalaichelvan PT, Mohan N (2010) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acalypha indica leaf extracts and its antibacterial activity against water borne pathogens. Colloids Surf B 76:50–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.10.008
Kumar A, Vemula PK, Ajayan PM, John G (2008) Silver nanoparticle embedded antimicrobial paints based on vegetable oil. Nat Mater 7:236–241. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2099
Kumar B, Smita K, Cumbal L, Debut A, Pathak RN (2014) Sonochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles using starch: a comparison. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2014:784268. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/784268
Kuntyi OI, Kytsya AR, Bondarenko AB, Mazur AS, Mertsalo IP, Bazylyak LI (2021a) Microplasma synthesis of silver nanoparticles in PVP solutions using sacrificial silver anodes. Colloid Polymer Sci 299(5):855–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-021-04811-y
Kuntyi O, Mazur A, Kytsya A, Karpenko O, Bazylyak L, Mertsalo I, Pokynbroda T, Prokopalo A (2020) Electrochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles in solutions of rhamnolipid. Micro Nano Lett 15(12):802–807. https://doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2020.0195
Kuntyi O, Zozulya G, Kytsya A (2021b) “Green” synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by sonoelectrochemical and sonogalvanic replacement methods. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2021:9830644. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9830644
Kytsya A, Bazylyak L, Simon P, Zelenina I, Antonyshyn I (2019) Kinetics of Ag300 nanoclusters formation: the catalytically effective nucleus via a steady-state approach. Int J Chem Kinet 51(4):266–273. https://doi.org/10.1002/kin.21249
Kytsya AR, Reshetnyak OV, Bazylyak LI, Hrynda YM (2014) UV/VIS-spectra of silver nanoparticles as characteristics of their sizes and sizes distribution. In: Zaikov GE, Bazylyak LI, Haghi AK (eds) Functional polymer blends and nanocomposites: a practical engineering approach, 1st edn. Apple Academic Press, New York, pp 231–239. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16895
Leung TC, Wong CK, Xie Y (2010) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using biopolymers, carboxymethylated-curdlan and fucoidan. Mater Chem Phys 121:402–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.02.026
Lee SH, Jun BH (2019) Silver nanoparticles: synthesis and application for nanomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 20(4):865. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040865
Mousavi SM, Hashemi SA, Ghasemi Y, Atapour A, Amani AM, SavarDashtaki A, Babapoor A, Arjmand O (2018) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles toward bio and medical applications: review study. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 46(p3):S855–S872. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2018.1517769
Nair B, Pradeep T (2002) Coalescence of nanoclusters and formation of submicron crystallites assisted by Lactobacillus strains. Cryst Growth Des 2:293–298. https://doi.org/10.1021/cg0255164
Nanda A, Saravanan M (2009) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Staphylococcus aureus and its antimicrobial activity against MRSA and MRSE. Nanomed Nanotechnol 5:452–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2009.01.012
Özkar S, Finke RG (2016) Palladium(0) nanoparticle formation, stabilization, and mechanistic studies: Pd(acac)2 as a preferred precursor, [Bu4N] 2HPO4 stabilizer, plus the stoichiometry, kinetics, and minimal, four-step mechanism of the palladium nanoparticle formation and subsequent agglomeration reactions. Langmuir 32(15):3699–3716. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00013
Płaza G, Chojniak J, Mendrek B, Trzebicka B, Kvitek L, Panacek A, Prucek R, Zboril R, Paraszkiewicz K, Bernat P (2016) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Bacillus subtilis T-1 growing on agro-industrial wastes and producing biosurfactant. IET Nanobiotechnol 10:62–68. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0016
Pokynbroda TY, Karpenko IV, Midyana HH, Karpenko OY (2019) Isolation of surfactants synthesized by the pseudomonas bacteria and study of their properties. Innov Biosys Bioeng 3(2):70–76. https://doi.org/10.20535/ibb.2019.3.2.165838
Sandoe HE, Watzky MA, Diaz SA (2019) Experimental probes of silver metal nanoparticle formation kinetics: comparing indirect versus more direct methods. Int J Chem Kinet 51:861–871. https://doi.org/10.1002/kin.21315
Shahverdi AR, Minaeian S, Shahverdi HR, Jamalifar H, Nohi AA (2007) Rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using culture supernatants of Enterobacteria: a novel biological approach. Process Biochem 42:919–923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2007.02.005
Shankar S, Rhim JW (2015) Amino acid mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and preparation of antimicrobial agar/silver nanoparticles composite films. Carbohydr Polym 130:353–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.018
Slistan-Grijalva A, Herrera-Urbina R, Rivas-Silva JF, Ávalos-Borja M, Castillón-Barraza FF, Posada-Amarillas A (2005) Classical theoretical characterization of the surface plasmon absorption band for silver spherical nanoparticles suspended in water and ethylene glycol. Phys E 27:104–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2004.10.014
Some S, Sen IK, Mandal A, Aslan T, Ustun Y, Yilmaz EŞ, Kati A, Demirbas A, Mandal AK, Ocsoy I (2018) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their versatile antimicrobial properties. Mater Res Express 6(1):012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aae23e
Srikar SK, Giri DD, Pal DB, Mishra PK, Upadhyay SN (2016) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: a review. Green Sustain Chem 6(1):34–56. https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2016.61004
Sun Y, Xia Y (2002) Shape-controlled synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. Science 298:2176–2179. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1077229
Syafiuddin A, Salmiati Salim MR, Kueh ABH, Hadibarata T, Nur HA (2017) Review of silver nanoparticles: research trends, global consumption, synthesis, properties, and future Challenges. J Clin Chem Soc 64:732–756. https://doi.org/10.1002/jccs.201700067
Vigneshwaran N, Ashtaputre NM, Varadarajan PV, Nachane RP, Paralikar KM, Balasubramanya RH (2007) Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Mater Lett 61:1413–1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2006.07.042
Vilchis-Nestor AR, Sanchez-Mendieta V, Camacho-Lopez MA, Gomez-Espinosa RM, Camacho-Lopez MA, Arenas-Alatorre JA (2008) Solventless synthesis and optical properties of Au and Ag nanoparticles using Camellia sinensis extract. Mater Lett 62:3103–3105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2008.01.138
Watzky MA, Finke RG (1997) Transition metal nanocluster formation kinetic and mechanistic studies. A new mechanism when hydrogen is the reductant: slow, continuous nucleation and fast autocatalytic surface growth. J Am Chem Soc 119(43):10382–10400. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9705102
Widegren JA, Aiken JD, Özkar S, Finke RG (2001) Additional investigations of a new kinetic method to follow transition-metal nanocluster formation, including the discovery of heterolytic hydrogen activation in nanocluster nucleation reactions. Chem Mater 13(2):312–324. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm0006852
Yerokhin V, Pokynbroda T, Karpenko O, Novikov V (2006) Study of the growth and synthesis of the target product by the strain Pseudomonas species PS-17—producent of extracellular biosurfactants. Visn Natsion Univers “Lvivska Politehnika” 553:124–127 (in Ukrainian)
Acknowledgements
This work was carried out with the partial financial support of the National Research Foundation of Ukraine (“Design of polyfunctional nanostructured mono- and bimetals with electrocatalytic and antimicrobial properties” Agreement 165/02.2020). The authors are grateful to Professor Olena Karpenko and her scientific group from the Department of PhChFF InPOCC NAS of Ukraine for the provided samples of rhamnolipid. The research was partially performed on the equipment of the Scientific Equipment Collective Use Center: “Laboratory of Advanced Technologies, Creation and Physico-Chemical Analysis of New Substances and Functional Materials” (https://lpnu.ua/ckkno). Some separated (the motivation of the investigations and short result discussion) results obtained by the authors were partially presented as a poster at the International conference “Nanotechnology and nanomaterials” (NANO-2021) (August 25–27, 2021, Lviv, Ukraine).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Bazylyak, L.I., Kytsya, A.R., Lyutyy, P.Y. et al. Silver nanoparticles produced via a green synthesis using the rhamnolipid as a reducing agent and stabilizer. Appl Nanosci 13, 5251–5263 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02751-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02751-9