Abstract
Endophytic fungi are extremely diverse in natural biomes, which display a unique plant-microbe association inside different living host tissues. Among the plants that shelter endophytes, the endophytic fungal assemblages of Cactaceae remain poorly understood. Our study characterized the taxonomy, diversity, and ecology of endophytic fungal assemblages living in different tissues of the cactus Melocactus ernestii present in the Brazilian Caatinga biome. A total of 222 endophytic fungi were obtained from roots, stems, and spines, which were identified in 99 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla. Most of the fungal taxa were recovered from root tissues, followed by stems and spines. The most abundant orders from Ascomycota were Xylariales, Dothideomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes. Basidiomycota is represented by Cantharellales, Agaricales, and Geastrales. Only Nigrospora sp. and Preussia sp. 1 were common among the three plant tissues, and 78.41% of the species were not shared among the populations and tissues. We detected similar richness patterns among the same tissue types using sample-based rarefaction and extrapolation curves. The multiple site dissimilarity across the plants and tissues showed greater disparities in species richness among M. ernestii fungal assemblages. These results highlight the compartmentalization of endophytic fungal species in the root tissue, and the endophytes sharing observed exclusively between spines and stems may reflect interactions of endophytic fungal assemblages with possible dependency on shared resources in cacti. Overall, our findings will an approach to understand changes in the diversity and the key roles of turnover of endophytic fungal assemblages in semi-arid environments.
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Acknowledgements
Alice Ferreira-Silva was financially supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq (grant:141684/2010-0). Frederic M. Hughes acknowledges CNPq grant 302381/2020-1. The study was supported by FAPEMIG, CAPES and CNPq.
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Ferreira-Silva, A., Hughes, F.M., Rosa, C.A. et al. Higher turnover of endophytic fungal assemblages in the tissues of globose cactus Melocactus ernestii from Brazilian semi-arid biome. Symbiosis 85, 79–91 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-021-00795-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-021-00795-z