Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Decadal Experience of Renal Cell Carcinoma from a Tertiary Care Teaching Institute in North India

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To study the current trends of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in terms of demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, staging, mode of management, histopathology, and survival characteristics from a high volume tertiary care teaching institute in North India. We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients of RCC between January 2006 and December 2015 and variables like age, gender, symptoms, tumor size/location/number, stage, type of surgery, histopathology, and survival characteristics were studied. One hundred forty-four patients were included in the study. Most common age group of presentation was 50–59 years (29.8%), male to female ratio was 2.5, and majority of cases were smokers. Flank pain was the most common presenting complaint (38.2%), classical triad (pain, fever, hematuria) was present in 25%, and incidental diagnosis was made in 11.1% cases. Stage T2a was most common presentation with majority of tumors present in upper pole (27.1%). Renal vein involvement (T3a) was present in 10.4%, hilar lymph node involvement in 25%, and distant metastasis was observed in 20.1% cases. Radical nephrectomy was most common surgery performed (75%) and clear cell carcinoma was the most common histopathology (75.7%) followed by papillary (11.1%). Women reported more chromophobe type and low-grade cancers, although rest of clinico-pathological features did not show any gender difference. Mean follow-up of the study was 6–122 months with younger (< 29 years) patients reporting lower 5-year survival and higher stage disease. Renal cell carcinoma shows a different trend in our study population, compared to western data, with large size tumors and advanced stage presentation being more common.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E (2010) Cancer statistics, 2010. CA Cancer J 60:277–300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Pantuck AJ, Zisman A, Beldegrun AS (2001) The changing natural history of renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 166:1611–1623

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A (2013) Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin 63:11–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Edge SB, Compton CC (2010) The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7 edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual and the Future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol 17:1471–1474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Lopez-Beltran A, Scarpelli M, Montironi R, Kirkali Z (2006) 2004 WHO classification of renal tumors of the adults. Eur Urol 49:798–805

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Salagierski M, Akdogan B, Brookman May S, Dobrowdska Glazar B, Ficarra V, Langenhuijsen JF et al (2013) What is the contemporary role of radiofrequency ablation in the management of small renal masses? Are small lesions the radiologist’s tumors? Eur Urol 63:493–495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Chow WH, Devesa SS, Warren JL, Fraumeni JF Jr (1999) Rising incidence of renal cell cancer in the United States. JAMA 281:1628–1631

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M (2014) GLOBOCON 2012, Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: IARC Cancer base no.11. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hunt JD, Van der Hel OL, McMillan GP, Boffetta P, Brennan P (2005) Renal cell carcinoma in relation to cigarette smoking: meta-analysis of 24 studies. Int J Cancer 114:101–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Agnihotri S, Kumar J, Jain M, Kapoor R, Mandhani A (2014) Renal cell carcinoma in India demonstrates early age of onset & a late stage of presentation. Indian J Med Res 140(5):624–629

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Sun M, Abdollah F, Bianchi M, Trinh Q, Jeldres C, Tian Z et al (2011) A stage for stage and grade for grade analysis of cancer specific mortality rates in renal cell carcinoma according to age: a competing risks regression analysis. Eur Urol 60:1152–1159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sidharth LBR, Gupta DK, Maskey P, Chalise PR, Sharma UK, Gyawali PR, Shrestha GK, Sayami G, Joshi BR (2011) Pattern of renal cell carcinoma – a single center experience in Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J 35(3):185–188

    Google Scholar 

  13. Jun C, Zhishun X, Xianzhou J, Qiang F, Jin W (2006) Association between age and clinical characteristics of renal cell carcinoma in adult patients. Int J Urol 13:515–519

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ljungberg B, Campbell SC, Choi HY et al (2011) The epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 60:615–621

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kane CJ, Mallin K, Ritchey J, Cooperberg MR, Carroll PR (2008) Renal cell cancer stage migration: analysis of the National Cancer Data Base. Cancer 113:78–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Alkhateeb SS, Alkhateeb JM, Alrashidi EA (2015) Increasing trends in kidney cancer over the last 2 decades in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 36(6):698–703

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Silverman SG, Israel GM, Herts BR, Richie JP (2008) Management of the incidental renal mass. Radiology 249:16–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Krambeck A, Iwaszko M, Leibovich B et al (2008) Long-term outcome of multiple ipsilateral renal tumours found at the time of planned nephron-sparing surgery. BJU Int 101:1375–1379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Zini L, Destrieux-Garnier L, Leroy X, Villers A, Haulon S, Lemaitre L, Koussa M (2008) Renal vein ostium wall invasion of renal cell carcinoma with an inferior vena cava tumor thrombus: prediction by renal and vena caval vein diameters and prognostic significance. J Urol 179:450–454

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Crispen PL, Breau RH, Allmer C, Lohse CM, Cheville JC, Leibovich BC, Blute ML (2011) Lymph node dissection at the time of radical nephrectomy for high-risk clear cell renal cell carcinoma: indications and recommendations for surgical templates. Eur Urol 59:18–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Négrier S, Escudier B, Gomez F, Douillard JY, Ravaud A, Chevreau C, Buclon M, Pérol D, Lasset C (2002) Prognostic factors of survival and rapid progression in 782 patients with metastatic renal carcinomas treated by cytokines: a report from the Groupe Français d’Immunotherapie. Ann Oncol 13:1460–1468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Chen J, Shi B, Zhang D, Jiang X, Xu Z (2009) The clinical characteristics of renal cell carcinoma in female patients. Int J Urol 16(6):554–557

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Conti SL, Thomas IC, Hagedorn JC, Chung BI, Chertow GM, Wagner TH, Brooks JD, Srinivas S, Leppert JT (2014) Utilization of cytoreductive nephrectomy and patient survival in the targeted therapy era. Int J Cancer 134:2245–2252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Aron M, Nguyen MM, Stein RJ, Gill IS (2008) Impact of gender in renal cell carcinoma: an analysis of the SEER database. Eur Urol 54(1):133–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Schrader AJ, Sevinc S, Olbert PJ, Hegele A, Varga Z, Hofmann R (2008) Gender-specific characteristics and survival of renal cell carcinoma. Urologe 47(9):1182, 1184–6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Elmore JM, Kadesky KT, Koeneman KS, Sagalowsky AI (2003) Reassessment of the 1997 TNM classification system for renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 98:2329–2334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Gupta NP, Ishwar R, Kumar A, Dogra PN, Seth A (2010) Renal tumors presentation: changing trends over two decades. Indian J Cancer 47:287–291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Pierorazio PM, Murphy AM, Benson MC, McKiernan JM (2007) Gender discrepancies in the diagnosis of renal cortical tumors. World J Urol 25(1):81–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge their family, friends, and patients for their constant support and motivation in writing this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Singh Kawaljit, Sinha Rahul Janak, Gupta Ashok & Singh Vishwajeet

Authors
  1. Singh Kawaljit
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sinha Rahul Janak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gupta Ashok
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Singh Vishwajeet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Singh Kawaljit.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kawaljit, S., Janak, S.R., Ashok, G. et al. Decadal Experience of Renal Cell Carcinoma from a Tertiary Care Teaching Institute in North India. Indian J Surg Oncol 9, 558–564 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13193-018-0812-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13193-018-0812-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation