Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Integration of mushroom production into circular food chains

  • Published:
Organic Agriculture Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Edible mushrooms are cultivated mainly on ligno-cellulosic plant materials, thereby turning agricultural wastes to high-quality products. In this review, several ways in which mushroom cultivation could help in the transition towards a circular agricultural economy are discussed, including food, feed, and compost production. The production processes of different mushroom species are also described and an overview of the global mushroom market and its history are given. Resource use efficiency could be maximized by using spent mushroom substrate as feed for invertebrates, such as insects or earthworms, which produce high-quality compost and can serve as food or feed for other livestock. In the context of an increasing world population, as well as limited resources and agricultural land, mushroom cultivation could fulfill the need for protein-rich food and for the recycling of nutrient-poor agricultural wastes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adamovic M, Grubic G, Protic R, Sretenovic L (1998) The biodegradation of wheat straw by Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms and its use in cattle feeding. Anim Feed Sci Technol 71:357–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arai H, Hosen Y, van Pham HN, Thi NT, Huu CN, Inubushi K (2015) Greenhouse gas emissions from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the Mekong Delta. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 61(4):719–735

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baba E, Uluköy G, Öntaş C (2015) Effects of feed supplemented with Lentinula edodes mushroom extract on the immune response of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and disease resistance against Lactococcus garvieae. Aquaculture 448:476–482

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bakar AA, Mahmood NZ, Teixeira da Silva JA, Abdullah N, Jamaludin AA (2011) Vermicomposting of sewage sludge by Lumbricus rubellus using spent mushroom compost as feed material: effect on concentration of heavy metals. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 16(5):1036–1043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boddy L, Jones TH (2008) Interactions between basidiomycota and invertebrates. In British Mycol Soc Symp Series 28:155–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chu GM, Yang JM, Kim HY, Kim CH, Song YM (2012) Effects of fermented mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) by-product diets on growth performance and carcass traits in growing-fattening Berkshire pigs. Anim Sci J 83(1):55–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Courtney RG, Mullen GJ (2008) Soil quality and barley growth as influenced by the land application of two compost types. Bioresour Technol 99:2913–2918

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Di Piero RM, Wulff NA, Pascholati SF (2006) Partial purification of elicitors from Lentinula edodes basidiocarps protecting cucumber seedlings against Colletotrichum lagenarium. Braz J Microbiol 37(2):175–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durrell J, Sneddon IA, Beattie VE (1997) Effects of enrichment and floor type on behaviour of cubicle loose-housed dry sows. Anim Welf 6(4):297–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards CA, Arancon NQ, Sherman RL (2010) Vermiculture technology: earthworms, organic wastes, and environmental management. CRC Press

  • El-Sherbiny AA, Awd Allah SFA (2014) Management of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato plants by pre-planting soil biofumigation with harvesting residues of some winter crops and waste residues of oyster mushroom cultivation under field conditions. Egypt J Agron 13(1):189–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Fanadzo M, Zireva DT, Dube E, Mashingaidze AB (2010) Evaluation of various substrates and supplements for biological efficiency of Pleurotus sajor-caju and Pleurotus ostreatus. Afr J Biotechnol 9(19):2756–2761

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng W, Zhang L, He L, Pang Z, Guo S (2011) A mode research of straw recycling based on circular agriculture theory. Agric Sci Technol 12(12):1921–1924

    Google Scholar 

  • Finney KN, Ryu C, Sharifi VN, Swithenbank J (2009) The reuse of spent mushroom compost and coal tailings for energy recovery: comparison of thermal treatment technologies. Bioresour Technol 100:310–315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fogel R, Trappe JM (1978) Fungus consumption (mycophagy) by small animals. Northwest Sci 52(1):1–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao Z, Wang W, Lu X, Zhu F, Liu W, Wang X, Lei C (2019) Bioconversion performance and life table of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) on fermented maize straw. J Clean Prod 230:974–980

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giannenas I, Pappas IS, Mavridis S, Kontopidis G, Skoufos J, Kyriazakis I (2010) Performance and antioxidant status of broiler chickens supplemented with dried mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) in their diet. Poult Sci 89(2):303–311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grimm D, Wösten HA (2018) Mushroom cultivation in the circular economy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102(18):7795–7803

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim M, Lee H, Park J, Kang S, Choi Y (2011) Recycling of fermented sawdust-based oyster mushroom spent substrate as a feed supplement for postweaning calves. Asian Australasian J Anim Sci 24:493–499

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar P, Chatli MK, Mehta N, Singh P, Malav OP, Verma AK (2017) Meat analogues: health promising sustainable meat substitutes. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 57(5):923–932

  • Lee SB, Kim JW, Bae SM, Hwang YH, Lee HS, Lee BJ, Park CG (2018) Evaluation of spent mushroom substrates as food for white-spotted flower chafer, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae). Kor J Appl Entomol 57(2):97–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattila P, Könkö K, Eurola M, Pihlava JM, Astola J, Vahteristo L, Hietaniemi V, Kumpulainen J, Valtonen M, Piironen V (2001) Contents of vitamins, mineral elements, and some phenolic compounds in cultivated mushrooms. J Agric Food Chem 49(5):2343–2348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattila P, Salo-Väänänen P, Könkö K, Aro H, Jalava T (2002) Basic composition and amino acid contents of mushrooms cultivated in Finland. J Agric Food Chem 50(22):6419–6422

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nasehi M, Torbatinejad NM, Zerehdaran S (2017) Effect of solid-state fermentation by oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on nutritive value of some agro by-products. J Appl Anim Res 45:221–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nik Nor Izyan NA, Jamaludin AA, Noor Zalina M (2009) Potential of spent mushroom substrate in vermicomposting. Vermicomposting I Dynamic Soil, Dynamic Plant 3(Special Issue 2):87–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Noble R, Dobrovin-Pennington A, Hobbs PJ, Pederby J, Rodger A (2009) Volatile C8 compounds and pseudomonads influence primordium formation of Agaricus bisporus. Mycologia 101:583–591

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palizi P, Goltapeh E, Pourjam E, Safaie N (2009) Potential of oyster mushrooms for the biocontrol of sugar beet nematode (Heterodera schachtii). J Plant Protect Res 49(1):27–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paripuranam TD, Divya VV, Ulaganathan P, Balamurugan V, Umamaheswari S (2011) Replacing fish meal with earthworm and mushroom meals in practical diets of Labeo rohita and Hemigrammus caudovittatus fingerlings. Indian J Anim Res 45:115–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Poddar KH, Ames M, Hsin-Jen C, Feeney MJ, Wang Y, Cheskin LJ (2013) Positive effect of mushrooms substituted for meat on body weight, body composition, and health parameters. A 1-year randomized clinical trial. Appetite 71:379–387

  • Qi X, Li Z, Akami M, Mansour A, Niu C (2019) Fermented crop straws by Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhanced the bioconversion rate of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(28):29388–29396

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahmann G, Reza AM, Bàrberi P, Boehm H, Canali S, Chander M, et. al (2017) Organic agriculture 3.0 is innovation with research. Organic Agriculture 7(3):169–197

  • Rahmann G, Grimm D, Kuenz A, Hessel E (2019) Combining land-based organic and landless food production: a concept for a circular and sustainable food chain for Africa in 2100. Org Agric:1–13

  • Rop O, Mlcek J, Jurikova T (2009) Beta-glucans in higher fungi and their health effects. Nutr Rev 67(11):624–631

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Royse DJ, Beelman RB (2007) Six steps to mushroom farming. The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania

    Google Scholar 

  • Royse DJ, Baars J, Tan Q (2017) Current overview of mushroom production in the world. In: Zied DC, Pardo-Giminez A (eds) Edible and medicinal mushrooms: technology and applications. John Wiley & Sons LtD, Hoboken, pp 5–13

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ryu S, Kim HG, Kim JY, Kim SY, Cho KO (2018) Hericium erinaceus extract reduces anxiety and depressive behaviors by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult mouse brain. J Med Food 21(2):174–180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schönholzer F, Hahn D, Zeyer J (1999) Origins and fate of fungi and bacteria in the gut of Lumbricus terrestris L. studied by image analysis. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 28(3):235–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song YM, Lee SD, Chowdappa R, Kim HY, Jin SK, Kim IS (2007) Effects of fermented oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) by-product supplementation on growth performance, blood parameters and meat quality in finishing Berkshire pigs. Animal 1:301–307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stamets P (1993) Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms, 3rd edn. Crown Publishing Group, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Till O (1962) Cultivation of mushrooms on sterile substrate and reutilization of spent compost. Mushroom Sci 5:127–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Uzun I (2004) Use of spent mushroom compost in sustainable fruit production. J Fruit Ornament Plant Re 12

  • Vega FE, Blackwell M (2005) Insect-fungal associations: ecology and evolution. Oxford University Press

  • Willis WL, Isikhuemhen OS, Ibrahim SA (2007) Performance assessment of broiler chickens given mushroom extract alone or in combination with probiotics. Poult Sci 86(9):1856–1860

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Availability of data and material

Not applicable.

Code availability

Not applicable.

Funding

The LandLessFood project and the writing of this review were funded by the Thünen-Institute.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Thünen-Institute of Organic Farming, Westerau, Germany

    Daniel Grimm & Gerold Rahmann

  2. Thünen-Institut of Agricultural Technology, Braunschweig, Germany

    Anja Kuenz

Authors
  1. Daniel Grimm
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anja Kuenz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gerold Rahmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniel Grimm.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

I consent.

Consent for publication

I consent.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Grimm, D., Kuenz, A. & Rahmann, G. Integration of mushroom production into circular food chains. Org. Agr. 11, 309–317 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-020-00318-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-020-00318-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation