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Heterocapsa bohaiensis sp. nov. (Peridiniales: Dinophyceae): a novel marine dinoflagellate from the Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea, China

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Abstract

A small armed dinoflagellate bloomed in the aquaculture ponds off the coast of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea of China, resulting in heavy mortalities of the cultured prawns (Penaeus japonicus) and larvae of Chinese mitten handed crabs (Eriocheir sinensis). The bloom-forming species was successfully isolated, and cellular morphology of the specimen was consequently investigated through light, fluorescent and electron microscopy. The small ((14.4±1.6) μm in length) ellipsoid cells show typical Heterocapsa thecal plate arrangement (Po, cp, 5′, 3a, 7′′, 6c, 5s, 5′′′, 2′′′′). The episome is evidently bigger than the hyposome. One to three spherical pyrenoids are located above or beside the large elongated nucleus. The body scale is characterized by a triangle basal plate with one central upright and nine peripheral spines. Above all, Heterocapsa bohaiensis could be distinguished from other Heterocapsa species by the combination of the cell size, morphology, cellular structure and body scale. Sequence analyses of both ITS and LSU regions reveal the significant genetic divergence between H. bohaiensis and other established species in this genus, further supporting novelty of this species. Noticeably, different sample treatment methods resulted in morphological variation of the apical pore complex (APC) of H. bohaiensis, which needs to be taken into account in future study.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Hu Zhangxi, Liu Wei from the Insititute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science for their assistance on EM, and Miao Xiaoxiang and Ge Meiling for maintaining the culture.

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  1. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecology and Environment, the First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China

    Jie Xiao, Ping Sun, Yan Li, Min Pang & Ruixiang Li

  2. Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China

    Jie Xiao & Yan Li

  3. Guanghe Crab Industry Limited Company, Panjin, 124200, China

    Na Sun

  4. School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China

    Yiwen Zhang

Authors
  1. Jie Xiao
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  2. Na Sun
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  4. Ping Sun
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  5. Yan Li
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  6. Min Pang
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Correspondence to Ruixiang Li.

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Foundation item: The NSFC-Shandong Joint Funded Project under contract No. U1406403; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41506191 and 41306171.

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Xiao, J., Sun, N., Zhang, Y. et al. Heterocapsa bohaiensis sp. nov. (Peridiniales: Dinophyceae): a novel marine dinoflagellate from the Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea, China. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 37, 18–27 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-018-1296-z

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