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Smectite formation in metalliferous sediments near the East Pacific Rise at 13°N

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Abstract

A 43 cm long E271 sediment core collected near the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 13°N were studied to investigate the origin of smectite for understanding better the geochemical behavior of hydrothermal material after deposition. E271 sediments are typical metalliferous sediments. After removal of organic matter, carbonate, biogenic opal, and Fe-Mn oxide by a series of chemical procedures, clay minerals (<2 μm) were investigated by X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis and Si isotope analysis. Due to the influence of seafloor hydrothermal activity and close to continent, the sources of clay minerals are complex. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are suggested to be transported from either North or Central America by rivers or winds, but smectite is authigenic. It is enriched in iron, and its contents are highest in clay minerals. Data show that smectite is most likely formed by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe-oxyhydroxide with silica and seawater in metalliferous sediments. The Si that participates in this reaction may be derived from siliceous microfossils (diatoms or radiolarians), hydrothermal fluids, or detrital mineral phases. And their δ30Si values are higher than those of authigenic smectites, which implies that a Si isotope fractionation occurs during the formation because of the selective absorption of light Si isotopes onto Feoxyhydroxides. Sm/Fe mass ratios (a proxy for overall REE/Fe ratio) in E271 clay minerals are lower than those in metalliferous sediments, as well as distal hydrothermal plume particles and terrigenous clay minerals. This result suggests that some REE are lost during the smectite formation, perhaps because their large ionic radii of REE scavenged by Fe-oxyhydroxides preclude substitution in either tetrahedral or octahedral lattice sites of this mineral structure, which decreases the value of metalliferous sediments as a potential resource for REE.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the crew of the “DY105-14” cruise for their help with obtaining the samples, as well as the anonymous reviewers for their helpful and valuable comments. The authors are grateful to Li Anchun and Wan Shiming for their help in the X-ray diffraction determination.

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  1. Seafloor Hydrothermal Activity Laboratory of the Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Kunbo Rong, Zhigang Zeng, Xuebo Yin, Shuai Chen, Xiaoyuan Wang, Haiyan Qi & Yao Ma

  2. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Zhigang Zeng

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Kunbo Rong & Zhigang Zeng

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  1. Kunbo Rong
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Correspondence to Zhigang Zeng.

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Foundation item: The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41325021; the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China under contract No. 2013CB429700; the National Special Fund for the 12th Five-Year Plan of COMRA under contract No. DY125-12-R-02; the Special Fund for the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province under contract No. ts201511061; the AoShan Talents Program Supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology under contract No. 2015ASTP-0S17.

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Rong, K., Zeng, Z., Yin, X. et al. Smectite formation in metalliferous sediments near the East Pacific Rise at 13°N. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 37, 67–81 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-018-1265-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-018-1265-6

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