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Phylogenetic approach redefines Plistonax (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) with new combinations and a new genus of flat-faced long-horned beetles

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Abstract

Plistonax is a Neotropical genus of Acanthoderini flat-faced long-horned beetles with nine species. Since it was established without clear diagnostic characteristics, the subsequent classification of species in it was unstable. This work aims to clarify the taxonomic limits of Plistonax employing a phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data. A matrix was developed including 26 species and 37 characters. Two types of analyses were implemented: parsimony and Bayesian inference. The analyses show that Plistonax is a polyphyletic group, with Plistonax insolitus recovered singly, and the other eight species of the genus were recovered in a clade together with three species of other genera: Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes) ariasi, Melzerus difficilis, and Aegomorphus signatifrons. Based on these results, we redefine Plistonax to include 11 species and propose three new combinations: Plistonax ariasi comb. nov., Plistonax difficilis comb. nov., and Plistonax signatifrons comb. nov. Melzerus, a monotypic genus, is now a junior synonym of Plistonax. We also provide a redescription for Plistonax and some of its species, propose a new genus Miguelmonneus gen. nov., and redescribe Miguelmonneus insolitus comb. nov. An identification key is given for Plistonax and the geographical records of its species are listed and updated.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the curators who provided specimens or photographs for study; to Dr. Adalberto Santos (UFMG) and Dr. Marcela Monné (MNRJ) for their enriching contributions given in the dissertation evaluation board and to the former, also for providing materials for MEV procedures; to Dr. Paulo Garcia (UFMG) for granting the means to take the photographs; and to the Centro de Aquisição e Processamento de Imagens (CAPI-ICB/UFMG) and Center of Microscopy at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CM-UFMG) for providing equipment and technical assistance in the preparation of samples and acquisition of MEV images. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions to improve the manuscript. The first author is grateful to Msc. Fábio Godoi (CZPB), Dr. Márcio Oliveira (INPA), Dr. Orlando Tobias (MPEG), and Dr. Sônia Casari (MZSP) for hosting the visits to the collections and to Antônio Santos-Silva and Msc. Francisco Nascimento (MZSP) for their valuable comments and frequent support.

Availability of data and material

The data present in this work (trees and matrix) are deposited in TreeBASE: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S27244

Code availability

Not applicable.

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) (Finance Code 001; JOSJ); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (processes 141258/2020-9; 408781/2018-1; JOSJ and KLFH); Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) (processes E-26/202.381/2017; E-26/201.917/2020; DSS); and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

    José O. Silva Júnior

  2. Department of Zoology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil

    Kirstern L. F. Haseyama

  3. Department of Entomology, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Brazil

    Diego de S. Souza

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  1. José O. Silva Júnior
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  3. Diego de S. Souza
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analyses were performed by José O. Silva Júnior. The first draft of the manuscript was written by José O. Silva Júnior, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Resources and funding acquisition were adquired by Kirstern L. F. Haseyama. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to José O. Silva Júnior.

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Supplementary Information

Fig. S1

Strict consensus tree of the three trees recovered in the parsimony analysis. Light-blue highlights represent the four lineages of the species of Plistonax. Asterisks (*) indicate the genera’s type-species. Support values in the nodes: Bremer (red) and Bootstrap (blue) (PNG 227 kb)

High resolution image (EPS 2498 kb)

Fig. S2

Majority-rule consensus tree recovered in the Bayesian inference analysis. Light-blue highlights represent the four lineages of the species of Plistonax. Asterisks (*) indicate the genera’s type-species. Support values in the nodes: Posterior Probability (black). Scale bar detailed in the figure (PNG 232 kb)

High resolution image (EPS 2489 kb)

Fig. S3

One of the most parsimonious trees recovered in the parsimony analysis (127 steps), optimized under DELTRAN. Light-blue highlight represents the new delimitation of Plistonax. Yellow highlight represents the new genus proposed (Miguelmonneus). Asterisks (*) indicate the genera’s type-species. Circles represent unambiguous mutational steps, and the squares represent the ambiguous. White shapes represent homoplastic character states, and black shapes represent non-homoplastic synapomorphies. Number above the shapes indicate the characters, and number below the shapes indicate the character states. Support values in the nodes: Bremer (red) and Bootstrap (blue) (PNG 347 kb)

High resolution image (EPS 2776 kb)

Fig. S4

Maps of distribution of the species of Plistonax: (A) P. albituberculatus (circles), P. albolinitus (squares) and P. antonkozlovi (triangle). (B) P. ariasi (circles), P. hefferni (square) and P. signatifrons (triangles). (C) P. bialbomaculatus (circle), P. inopinatus (squares) and P. rafaeli (triangles). (D) P. difficilis (circles) and P. senecauxi (squares). Black shapes represent previous records, and red shapes represent new records; represented political divisions of countries (wider lines) and Brazilian states (narrower lines); silver arrow indicates the North; coordinates details in the superior and lateral margins. Scale bars detailed in the figure (TIF 9.84 MB)

Table S1

Matrix used in the phylogenetic analyses. (*) = genera’s type-species; (+) = species with coding based on description and photographs; (?) = missing data; (-) = not applicable data. Numbers separated by comma (,) represent polymorphisms. (DOCX 20 kb)

Table S2

Material examined for the taxonomic study and phylogenetic analyses, including outgroups. # = male; @ = female; n.rec. = new record (highlighted in bold). Additional informations between bracketts (DOCX 56 kb)

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Silva Júnior, J.O., Haseyama, K.L.F. & Souza, D.d.S. Phylogenetic approach redefines Plistonax (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) with new combinations and a new genus of flat-faced long-horned beetles. Org Divers Evol 21, 491–520 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-021-00494-z

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