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The role of exosome derived miRNAs in inter-cell crosstalk among insulin-related organs in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Abstract

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all cell types, and carry diverse cargo including RNA, and other substances. Recent studies have focused exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) on various human diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (METS) which accompany the occurrence of insulin resistance. The regulation of insulin signaling has connected with some miRNA expression which play a significant regulatory character in insulin targeted cells or organs, such as fat, muscle, and liver. The miRNAs carried by exosomes, through the circulation in the body fluids, mediate all kinds of physiological and pathological process involved in the human body. Studies have found that exosome derived miRNAs are abnormally expressed and cross-talked with insulin targeted cells or organs to affect insulin pathways. Further investigations of the mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs in T2DM will be valuable for the diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of T2DM. This review will summarize the molecular mechanism of action of the miRNAs carried by exosomes which are secreted from insulin signaling related cells, and elucidate the pathogenesis of insulin resistance to provide a new strategy for the potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the type 2 diabetes.

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Acknowledgments

We want to acknowledge the help of the Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Key Laboratory.

Funding

The work was supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81974528 to C.F. Yuan, No. 82174035 to C.F. Yuan, No. 82374107 to C.F. Yuan and No. 81773959 to C.F. Yuan), the innovational group project of Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation in China (Grant No. 2021CFA015 to C.F. Yuan), and the Central Funds Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development (Grant No. 2020ZYYD016 to C.F. Yuan).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Key Laboratory of Hubei province in China, China Three Gorges University, School of Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China

    Ting Lu, Ying Zheng, Xiaoling Chen, Zhiyong Lin, Chaoqi Liu & Chengfu Yuan

  2. College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China

    Ting Lu, Ying Zheng, Xiaoling Chen, Zhiyong Lin, Chaoqi Liu & Chengfu Yuan

  3. Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, School of Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China

    Chengfu Yuan

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  1. Ting Lu
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  5. Chaoqi Liu
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Contributions

Ting Lu was responsible for literature search and for the first draft. Ying Zheng, Xiaoling Chen and Zhiyong Lin were involved in manuscript reading and correction, while Chaoqi Liu and Chengfu Yuan were responsible for the last version of the manuscript and are the senior author. “The authors declare that all data were generated in-house and that no paper mill was used”.

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Correspondence to Chaoqi Liu or Chengfu Yuan.

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Key points

1 Exosome-derived miRNAs are key to insulin resistance and T2DM through crosstalk between insulin target cells and target organs.

2 Exosomes-derived miRNAs exert biological effects by affecting insulin signal transduction of insulin target cells.

3 Exosomes-derived miRNAs may be researchable for diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of diseases, including T2DM.

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Lu, T., Zheng, Y., Chen, X. et al. The role of exosome derived miRNAs in inter-cell crosstalk among insulin-related organs in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Physiol Biochem (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-024-01026-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-024-01026-x

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