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Docosahexaenoic diet supplementation, exercise and temperature affect cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mononuclear cells

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Abstract

Acute exercise induces changes in peripheral mononuclear cells’ (PBMCs) capabilities to produce cytokines. The aim was to investigate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) diet supplementation on cytokine production, by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PBMCs after exercise, and the in vitro influence of temperature. Fifteen male soccer players were randomly assigned to a placebo or an experimental group. The experimental group consumed an almond-based beverage enriched with DHA (1.16 g DHA/day) for 8 weeks, whereas the placebo group consumed a similar non-enriched beverage. Blood samples were taken before and after the nutritional intervention in basal conditions and 2 h after acute exercise. Nutritional intervention significantly increased the DHA content in erythrocytes only in experimental group (from 34 ± 3.6 to 43 ± 3.6 nmols DHA/109 erythrocytes). Exercise significantly increased Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in PBMCs but only in the placebo group (203 %). Exercise also significantly increased IL6, IL8, VEGF, INFγ, TNFα, IL1α, IL1β, MCP1, and EGG production rates by LPS-stimulated PBMCs, and this response was attenuated by DHA supplementation. Temperature but not DHA also affected the pattern of cytokine production increasing IL6, IL8, IL1β, and MCP1 synthesis. The higher change was evidenced in IL1β increasing the production rate at 39.5 °C from 3.19 ± 0.77 to 22.4 ± 6.1 pg/h 106 PBMC in placebo and from 2.36 ± 0.11 to 10.6 ± 0.38 pg/h 106 PBMC in the supplemented group. The profile of affected cytokines differs between temperature and exercise, suggesting a different PBMC activation pathway. DHA diet supplementation only attenuated cytokine production after exercise and not that induced by temperature.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge Acción Estratégica en Salud del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación DPS2008-07033-C03-03, Programme of Promotion of Biomedical Research and Health Sciences, Projects 11/01791, Red Predimed-RETIC RD06/0045/1004, CIBERobn CB12/03/30038, and Balearic Island Government and FEDER funds (35/2011 and 23/2012). We hereby acknowledge the PhD grant provided by the University of the Balearic Islands.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    Xavier Capó, Miquel Martorell, Antoni Sureda, Juan Miguel Batle, Josep Antoni Tur & Antoni Pons

  2. CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain

    Xavier Capó, Antoni Sureda, Juan Miguel Batle, Josep Antoni Tur & Antoni Pons

  3. Nutrition and Dietetics Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, 4070386, Concepción, Bio Bio Region, Chile

    Miquel Martorell

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  1. Xavier Capó
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Correspondence to Antoni Pons.

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All subjects volunteered to participate in the study and gave their written informed consent after an explanation of the experimental procedures and before the start of the study. The study protocol was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki for research on human subjects and was approved by the Ethical Committee of Clinical Investigation of the CAIB No. IB 994/08 PI (Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain).

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Capó, X., Martorell, M., Sureda, A. et al. Docosahexaenoic diet supplementation, exercise and temperature affect cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mononuclear cells. J Physiol Biochem 72, 421–434 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-016-0490-8

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