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Chronic liquid nutrition intake induces obesity and considerable but reversible metabolic alterations in Wistar rats

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Abstract

We have previously described the development of substantial, but reversible obesity in Wistar rats fed with palatable liquid nutrition (Fresubin). In this study, we investigated changes in serum hormone levels, glycemia, fat mass, adipocyte size, and gene expression of adipokines and inflammatory markers in adipose tissue of Wistar rats fed by Fresubin (i) for 5 months, (ii) up to 90 days of age, or (iii) after 90 days of age to characterize metabolic alterations and their reversibility in rats fed with Fresubin. An intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test was also performed to determine levels of serum leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and C-peptide in 2- and 4-month-old animals. In addition, mesenteric and epididymal adipose tissue weight, adipocyte diameter, and gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines and other markers were determined at the end of the study. Chronic Fresubin intake significantly increased adipocyte diameter, reduced glucose tolerance, and increased serum leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and C-peptide levels. Moreover, gene expression of leptin, adiponectin, CD68, and nuclear factor kappa B was significantly increased in mesenteric adipose tissue of Fresubin fed rats. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels increased in mesenteric adipose tissue only in the group fed Fresubin during the entire experiment. In epididymal adipose tissue, fatty acid binding protein 4 mRNA levels were significantly increased in rats fed by Fresubin during adulthood. In conclusion, chronic Fresubin intake induced complex metabolic alterations in Wistar rats characteristic of metabolic syndrome. However, transition of rats from Fresubin to standard diet reversed these alterations.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by European Regional Development Fund Research and Development Grant (ITMS 26240120015). The grant support had no role in the design, analysis, or writing of this article. We wish to thank Dr. Goldstein of ScienceDocs (www.sciencedocs.com/) for the editing of this paper.

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  1. Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Livia Mikuska, Andrej Tillinger, Miroslav Balaz, Jozef Ukropec & Boris Mravec

  2. Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Michaela Vrabcova

  3. Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 813 72, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Boris Mravec

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  1. Livia Mikuska
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Livia Mikuska and Michaela Vrabcova participated equally.

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Mikuska, L., Vrabcova, M., Tillinger, A. et al. Chronic liquid nutrition intake induces obesity and considerable but reversible metabolic alterations in Wistar rats. J Physiol Biochem 72, 225–243 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-016-0472-x

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