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The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Child and Adolescent Aggression: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Abstract

Objectives

Aggression is a substantial behavioral problem in children and adolescents. There has been an increasing amount of research investigating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) in reducing levels of aggression. The purpose of this review was to examine how effective mindfulness is in curbing aggressive behaviors in children and adolescents.

Methods

Studies were identified through searching four electronic databases (PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science) with combinations of three groups of keywords supplemented with a manual search. Two independent researchers screened the searched papers, extracted data from papers, and assessed the quality of the studies. The extracted data was synthesized narratively and quantitatively.

Results

Eighteen studies (n = 1223) met the inclusion criteria. Three of the studies were controlled trials, seven were quasi-experimental studies, and an additional eight were single-subject design studies. Except for three studies that had unclear methodological quality, the remaining studies showed adequate research quality. Key findings highlighted evidence supporting the effectiveness of the use of MBI in children and adolescents with aggressive behavior problems. The meta-analytical results indicated that the overall effect size of MBI on aggressiveness is moderate (g = 0.48, CI95 [0.33, 0.63], p < 0.001). Furthermore, sub-group analysis estimated different effect sizes for clinical samples (g = 0.59, CI95 [0.23, 0.95], p = 0.001) and non-clinical samples (g = 0.45, CI95 [0.29, 0.62], p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The effectiveness of MBI on child and adolescent aggressive behavior was supported. Compared with non-clinical samples, MBI showed higher effectiveness for clinical samples. Potential mechanisms, methodological strengths and weaknesses, implications, and suggestions for future study are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Sisi Tao, Jianbin Li, Mengge Zhang, Eva Yi Hung Lau & Jin Sun

  2. Xinlian College of Henan Normal University, Zhengzhou, China

    Pengjuan Zheng

  3. Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Yuxin Zhu

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Contributions

ST: collaborated with study design, assisted with paper screen, and wrote the paper. JL: supervised the study. MZ: collaborated with paper screen. PZ: collaborated with paper screen (these two authors contributed equally to this work (MZ and PZ)). EYHL: supervised the study. JS: supervised the study. YZ: designed the study and collaborated in the writing. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript for submission.

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Correspondence to Yuxin Zhu.

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Tao, S., Li, J., Zhang, M. et al. The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Child and Adolescent Aggression: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mindfulness 12, 1301–1315 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01570-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01570-9

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