Abstract
The paper entitled “Embodied Mindfulness” proposed embodiment as a shared link between different approaches of mindfulness. This commentary extends the notion of “embodied mindfulness” by exploring interpersonal/social applications of mindfulness in both western mindfulness-meditative and Langerian mindfulness approaches. The commentary explores measures of interpersonal mindfulness and concludes with the notion of mindfulness as both embodied and embedded.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asch, S. E. (1946). Forming impressions of personality. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 41(3), 258–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0055756.
Barnes, S., Brown, K. W., Krusemark, E., Campbell, W. K., & Rogge, R. D. (2007). The role of mindfulness in romantic relationship satisfaction and responses to relationship stress. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 33(4), 482–500. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2007.00033.x.
Bögels, S. M., Hellemans, J., van Deursen, S., Römer, M., & van der Meulen, R. (2014). Mindful parenting in mental health care: effects on parental and child psychopathology, parental stress, parenting, coparenting, and marital functioning. Mindfulness, 5(5), 536–551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0209-7.
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822.
Burpee, L. C., & Langer, E. J. (2005). Mindfulness and marital satisfaction. Journal of Adult Development, 12(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-005-1281-6.
Carrière, K., Khoury, B., Günak, M., & Knäuper, B. (2017). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12623.
Carsley, D., Khoury, B., & Heath, N. L. (2017). Effectiveness of mindfulness interventions for mental health in school: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Mindfulness. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0839-2.
Coatsworth, J. D., Duncan, L. G., Nix, R. L., Greenberg, M. T., Gayles, J. G., Bamberger, K. T., et al. (2015). Integrating mindfulness with parent training: effects of the mindfulness-enhanced strengthening families program. Developmental Psychology, 51(1), 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038212.
Corthorn, C., & Milicic, N. (2016). Mindfulness and parenting: a correlational study of non-meditating mothers of preschool children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(5), 1672–1683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0319-z.
Dehkordian, P., Hamid, N., Beshlideh, K., & Mehrabizade Honarmand, M. (2017). The effectiveness of mindful parenting, social thinking and exercise on quality of life in ADHD children. International Journal of Pediatrics, 5(2), 4295–4302. 10.22038/ijp.2016.7900.
Dekeyser, M., Raes, F., Leijssen, M., Leysen, S., & Dewulf, D. (2008). Mindfulness skills and interpersonal behaviour. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(5), 1235–1245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.11.018.
Djikic, M., Langer, E. J., & Stapleton, S. F. (2008). Reducing stereotyping through mindfulness: effects on automatic stereotype-activated behaviors. Journal of Adult Development, 15(2), 106–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-008-9040-0.
Duncan, L. G., Coatsworth, J. D., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). A model of mindful parenting: Implications for parent–child relationships and prevention research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 12(3), 255–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-009-0046-3.
Fernando, A. T., Skinner, K., & Consedine, N. S. (2017). Increasing compassion in medical decision-making: can a brief mindfulness intervention help? Mindfulness, 8(2), 276–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0598-5.
Flook, L., Goldberg, S. B., Pinger, L., & Davidson, R. J. (2015). Promoting prosocial behavior and self-regulatory skills in preschool children through a mindfulness-based kindness curriculum. Developmental Psychology, 51(1), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038256.
Frank, J. L., Jennings, P. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (2016). Validation of the mindfulness in teaching scale. Mindfulness, 7(1), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0461-0.
Gannon, M., Mackenzie, M., Kaltenbach, K., & Abatemarco, D. (2017). Impact of mindfulness-based parenting on women in treatment for opioid use disorder. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 11(5), 368–376. https://doi.org/10.1097/adm.0000000000000336.
Geurtzen, N., Scholte, R. H. J., Engels, R. C. M. E., Tak, Y. R., & van Zundert, R. M. P. (2015). Association between mindful parenting and adolescents’ internalizing problems: non-judgmental acceptance of parenting as core element. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(4), 1117–1128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-9920-9.
Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (1999). How stable is marital interaction over time? Family Process, 38(2), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1999.00159.x.
Gouveia, M. J., Carona, C., Canavarro, M. C., & Moreira, H. (2016). Self-compassion and dispositional mindfulness are associated with parenting styles and parenting stress: the mediating role of mindful parenting. Mindfulness, 7(3), 700–712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0507-y.
Grepmair, L., Mitterlehner, F., Loew, T., Bachler, E., Rother, W., & Nickel, M. (2007). Promoting mindfulness in psychotherapists in training influences the treatment results of their patients: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 76(6), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1159/000107560.
Haas, A. S., & Langer, E. J. (2014). Mindful attraction and synchronization: mindfulness and regulation of interpersonal synchronicity. NeuroQuantology, 12(1), 21–34. 10.14704/nq.2014.12.1.728.
Heppner, W. L., Kernis, M. H., Lakey, C. E., Campbell, W. K., Goldman, B. M., Davis, P. J., & Cascio, E. V. (2008). Mindfulness as a means of reducing aggressive behavior: dispositional and situational evidence. Aggressive Behavior, 34(5), 486–496. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20258.
Heyman, R., Lorber, M. F., Eddy, J. M., & Schellati, T. (2014). Behavioral observation and coding Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology. Cambridge University Press.
Hopthrow, T., Hooper, N., Mahmood, L., Meier, B. P., & Weger, U. (2017). Mindfulness reduces the correspondence bias. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70(3), 351–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1149498.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain and illness. Retrieved from New York, NY.
Kelley, H. H. (1950). The warm-cold variable in first impressions of persons. Journal of Personality, 18(4), 431–439. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1950.tb01260.x.
Kemeny, M., Foltz, C., Cavanagh, J., Cullen, M., Giese Davis, J., Jennings, P., et al. (2012). Contemplative/emotion training reduces negative emotional behavior and promotes prosocial responses. Emotion, 12(2), 338–350. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026118.
Khoury, B., Knäuper, B., Pagnini, F., Trent, N., Chiesa, A., & Carrière, K. (2017). Embodied mindfulness. Mindfulness, 8(5), 1160–1171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0700-7.
Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Masse, M., Therien, P., Bouchard, V., et al. (2013a). Mindfulness-based therapy: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 763–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.005.
Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Gaudiano, B. A., & Paquin, K. (2013b). Mindfulness interventions for psychosis: a meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 150(1), 176–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.055.
Khoury, B., Sharma, M., Ruth, S. E., & Fournier, C. (2015). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for healthy individuals: a meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 78, 519–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.03.009.
Langer, E. J., Bashner, R., & Chanowitz, B. (1985). Decreasing prejudice by increasing discrimination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(1), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.1.113.
Langer, E. J., Cohen, M., & Djikic, M. (2012). Mindfulness as a psychological attractor: the effect on children. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(5), 1114–1122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00879.x.
Langer, E. J., & Newman, H. M. (1979). The role of mindlessness in a typical social psychological experiment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5(3), 295–298. https://doi.org/10.1177/014616727900500304.
Lueke, A., & Gibson, B. (2016). Brief mindfulness meditation reduces discrimination. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3(1), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1037/cns0000081.
McCaffrey, S., Reitman, D., & Black, R. (2017). Mindfulness in parenting questionnaire (MIPQ): development and validation of a measure of mindful parenting. Mindfulness, 8(1), 232–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0596-7.
Medeiros, C., Gouveia, M. J., Canavarro, M. C., & Moreira, H. (2016). The indirect effect of the mindful parenting of mothers and fathers on the child’s perceived well-being through the child’s attachment to parents. Mindfulness, 7(4), 916–927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0530-z.
Meppelink, R., de Bruin, E. I., Wanders-Mulder, F. H., Vennik, C. J., & Bögels, S. M. (2016). Mindful parenting training in child psychiatric settings: heightened parental mindfulness reduces parents’ and children’s psychopathology. Mindfulness, 7(3), 680–689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0504-1.
Parent, J., McKee, L. G., Anton, M., Gonzalez, M., Jones, D. J., & Forehand, R. (2016a). Mindfulness in parenting and coparenting. Mindfulness, 7(2), 504–513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0485-5.
Parent, J., McKee, L. G., Rough, J. N., & Forehand, R. (2016b). The association of parent mindfulness with parenting and youth psychopathology across three developmental stages. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(1), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-9978-x.
Potharst, E. S., Aktar, E., Rexwinkel, M., Rigterink, M., & Bögels, S. M. (2017). Mindful with your baby: feasibility, acceptability, and effects of a mindful parenting group training for mothers and their babies in a mental health context. Mindfulness, 8(5), 1236–1250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0699-9.
Siegel, D. J. (2007). The mindful brain: Reflection and attunement in the cultivation of well-being. New York, NY: Norton.
Siegel, D. J. (2012). Pocket guide to interpersonal neurobiology: An integrative handbook of the mind: WW Norton & Company.
Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S., Fisher, B. C., Wahler, R. G., McAleavey, K., et al. (2006a). Mindful parenting decreases aggression, noncompliance, and self-injury in children with autism. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 14(3), 169–177.
Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S. W., Curtis, W. J., Wahler, R. G., Sabaawi, M., et al. (2006b). Mindful staff increase learning and reduce aggression in adults with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 27(5), 545–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2005.07.002.
Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S. W., Singh, J., Curtis, W. J., Wahler, R. G., & McAleavey, K. M. (2007). Mindful parenting decreases aggression and increases social behavior in children with developmental disabilities. Behavior Modification, 31(6), 749–771. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445507300924.
Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S. W., Singh, J., Singh, A. N., Adkins, A. D., & Wahler, R. G. (2010). Training in mindful caregiving transfers to parent–child interactions. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19(2), 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-009-9267-9.
Tan, L. B. G., Lo, B. C. Y., & Macrae, C. N. (2014). Brief mindfulness meditation improves mental state attribution and empathizing. PLoS One, 9(10), e110510. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110510.
Townshend, K., Jordan, Z., Stephenson, M., & Tsey, K. (2016). The effectiveness of mindful parenting programs in promoting parents’ and children's wellbeing: a systematic review. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 14(3), 139–180. 10.11124/jbisrir-2016-2314.
Turpyn, C. C., & Chaplin, T. M. (2016). Mindful parenting and parents’ emotion expression: effects on adolescent risk behaviors. Mindfulness, 7(1), 246–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0440-5.
Wachs, K., & Cordova, J. V. (2007). Mindful relating: exploring mindfulness and emotion repertoires in intimate relationships. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 33(4), 464–481. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2007.00032.x.
Wallmark, E., Safarzadeh, K., Daukantaitė, D., & Maddux, R. E. (2013). Promoting altruism through meditation: an 8-week randomized controlled pilot study. Mindfulness, 4(3), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0115-4.
Weger, U. W., Hooper, N., Meier, B. P., & Hopthrow, T. (2012). Mindful maths: reducing the impact of stereotype threat through a mindfulness exercise. Consciousness and Cognition, 21(1), 471–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.10.011.
Winning, A. P., & Boag, S. (2015). Does brief mindfulness training increase empathy? The role of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 492–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.011.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
This commentary does not contain any studies with human participants performed by the author. The author has no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khoury, B. Mindfulness: Embodied and Embedded. Mindfulness 9, 1037–1042 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0858-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0858-z