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Nephrotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, and Blood Viscoelasticity Induced by Nickel Nanoparticles in Albino Rats

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Abstract

Despite the documented adverse impacts of nanoparticles (NPs) on the environment and human health, their application in nanomedicine is expanding. Because nickel compounds are very toxic to the liver and kidney and can cause cancer, it is important to research how they affect human health. The effects of spherical nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs) on kidney and liver functions were demonstrated in the current investigation. Twenty male albino rats were separated into two groups. The first group was used as a control group, which received only 0.9% sodium chloride, while the other group II, the rats, were orally administered Ni-NPs at a concentration of 50 mg/kg body weight by gavage three times a week for 4 consecutive weeks got. The animal’s blood, liver, and kidney samples were taken and analyzed for cell structure and function. The nephrotoxic effect of Ni-NPs and its correlation to the oxidative state have been studied using standard diagnostic techniques such as biochemical testing and histopathology. Tissue biochemical analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was recorded in the liver and kidney. The Ni-NP-treated group refers to the impaired kidney functions resulting from deposit of Ni-NPs in the kidney and the oxidative stress of the liver. Ni-NPs induce changes in histopathology and ultrastructure in liver and kidney tissue. The conductivity has much higher values for the treated group compared with the control group; this is an indicator that Ni-NPs are affected in the blood condition in which blood hemolysis occurs, consequently anemic disease. Ni-NPs induce DNA damage through generation of reactive oxidative stress (ROS), nephrotoxic effects, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation, and also induced an increase in blood viscosity, showing platelet clumps, hepatotoxicity, inflammation, fatty changes in liver, and histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissue.

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Availability of Data and Materials

The authors declare that all relevant data of this study are included in the article.

Abbreviations

Ni-NPs:

Nickel nanoparticles

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

CAT:

Catalase

GSH:

Glutathione peroxidase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

PT:

Plasma tubule cells

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

8-OHDG:

8-Hydroxyl-2doxyguanosine

5-NT:

5-Nucleotidase

RBCs:

Red blood cells

CV:

Central vein

BS:

Blood sinusoids

LI:

Leucocyte infiltration

BD:

Bile ductules

P:

Pyknotic

KH:

Karyorrhectic

BS:

Blood sinusoid

KC:

Kupffer cells

NF-KB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Faculty of Science, Physics Department, Damanhour University, Egypt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt

    Sahar E. Abo-Neima

  2. Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt

    Mostafa M. El-Sheekh

  3. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt

    Noha M. Samak & Hadeer M. El-Sayed

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Sahar Abo-Neima, and Hadeer El-Sayed. Also, they carried out 5 ribonuclieotidase, 8-Hydroxy2′-Deoxyguanosine Experiment, biochemical analysis of tissue, histology, and Electron microscopy analysis of the liver. Sahar Abo-Neima studied dielectric relaxation for liver and kidney tissues, blood viscosity, blood film, and tissue conductivity. Noha Samak carried out the histopathology of the kidney. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Sahar Abo-Neima. Mostafa El-Sheekh supervised the work. The final version of the manuscript was revised and edited by Mostafa El-Sheekh. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mostafa M. El-Sheekh.

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Abo-Neima, S.E., El-Sheekh, M.M., Samak, N.M. et al. Nephrotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, and Blood Viscoelasticity Induced by Nickel Nanoparticles in Albino Rats. BioNanoSci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-024-01421-0

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