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Harnessing Nanotechnology for Idarubicin Delivery in Cancer Therapy: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives

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Abstract

The global burden of cancer, which constitutes approximately one-sixth of all worldwide mortalities, poses a significant challenge for scientific researchers in their pursuit of effective therapeutic interventions. This discourse delves into the potential of idarubicin (IDA), an anthracycline antibiotic with pronounced lipophilicity, known for its accelerated nuclear sequestration, enhanced cellular permeability, and potent cytotoxicity. Despite IDA’s demonstrated effectiveness in combating a spectrum of cancers, its therapeutic utility is significantly hampered by the onset of deleterious side effects such as cardiotoxicity and myelosuppression. The manuscript provides an exhaustive analysis of novel methodologies that have been developed to circumvent the impediments associated with IDA delivery, encompassing lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs), polymeric nanocarriers, carbonaceous nanostructures, and inorganic NPs. It examines key parameters such as drug release, encapsulation efficacy, loading proficiency, zeta potential, along with in vivo and in vitro characterizations, offering a comprehensive assessment of the advancements in disparate delivery systems for IDA. Furthermore, the manuscript probes into co-delivery formulations of IDA in conjunction with other anti-cancer agents, underscoring their promising implications for future oncological therapy. The discourse also highlights the paucity of empirical research in this domain. The revelations gleaned from this review are anticipated to make a substantial contribution to the genesis of innovative strategies for future oncological treatment.

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Abbreviations

4-DMDR:

4-Demethoxydaunorubicin

A549:

Lung carcinoma epithelial cells

AF9:

5-[2,4-Bis(azanyl)pyrimidin-5-yl]oxy-2-methoxy-4-propan-2-yl-benzenesulfonamide

AML:

Acute myeloid leukemia

AuMPn:

Gold shell-coated magnetic polyester nanoparticles

BILM:

Biodegradable idarubicin-loaded microsphere

BuCy:

Busulphan and cyclophosphamide combination

C57BL/6:

C57 black 6

Caco-2:

Cancer coli-2

CD:

β-Cyclodextrin

CD8:

Cluster of differentiation 8

CR:

Complete remission

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

DDC:

Dual drug conjugate

DLS :

Dynamic light scattering

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DNR:

Daunorubicin

DSPC:

Distearoylphosphatidylcholine

DPPC:

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

DPV:

Differential pulse voltammetry

DXR:

Doxorubicin

D-pen:

D-penicillamine

DFT:

Density functional theory

DL:

Drug loading

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

EE:

Encapsulation efficiency

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

FA:

Folic acid

GDY:

Graphydine

GDYO:

Graphydine oxide

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

h:

Hour

HBR:

Hyperbranched resin

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HER:

Human epidermal growth factor receptor

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

HT:

Hyperthermia

HsAFr:

Horse spleen apoferritin

IC50:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration

IDA:

Idarubicin

IgG4:

Immunoglobulin G4

M:

Molar

MCF-7:

Michigan Cancer Foundation-7

MD:

Molecular dynamics

MDR:

Multi-drug resistance

MLL:

Mixed lineage leukemia

MMA:

Methyl methacrylate

MNP:

Magnetic nanoparticle

m-PEG-PLGA:

Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)

MPBH:

4-(4-N-maleimidophenyl)butyric acid hydrazide

MPE:

Maleate-polyester

mTHPP:

5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(meso-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin

MTT:

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

NCI-H460:

Human non-small cell lung carcinoma

NP:

Nanoparticle

NLCs:

Nanostructured lipid carriers

NHL:

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

NT:

Normothermia

PBS:

Phosphate buffered saline

PD1:

Programmed cell death protein 1

PEG :

Polyethylene glycol

PGA:

Poly(glycolic acid)

PSS:

Poly(styrene sulfonate)

POPC:

Glycerolphospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

ptPVA:

Pteroic acid enhanced polyvinyl alcohol

PDT:

Photodynamic therapy

PTT:

Photothermal therapy

PGA:

Poly (α) L-glutamic acid

SCARA5:

Scavenger receptor class A member 5

SDDS:

Smart drug delivery system

SLNs:

Solid-lipid NPs

TACE:

Transarterial chemoembolization

TAM:

Tamoxifen

TfR1:

Transferrin receptor protein 1

TGI:

Tumor growth inhibition

tBA:

Tert-butyl acrylate

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

UV:

Ultraviolet

vdW:

Van der Waals

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Abbas Rahdar thanks from University of Zabol for funding (UOZ-GR-8906). The authors (Sadanand Pandey) express profound gratitude to Shoolini University for their invaluable support, which played a pivotal role in facilitating the completion of work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Safari, Yeganeh Jalalian, Hamidreza Abdouss & Payam Zahedi

  2. Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983963113, GC, Iran

    Mehrab Pourmadadi

  3. Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Majid Abdouss

  4. Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, 538-98615, Iran

    Abbas Rahdar

  5. Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, 94531-55166, Iran

    Sonia Fathi-karkan

  6. Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, 9414974877, Iran

    Sonia Fathi-karkan

  7. School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Sadanand Pandey

  8. Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea

    Sadanand Pandey

Authors
  1. Fatemeh Safari
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  2. Yeganeh Jalalian
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  3. Hamidreza Abdouss
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  4. Mehrab Pourmadadi
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  5. Payam Zahedi
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  6. Majid Abdouss
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  7. Abbas Rahdar
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  8. Sonia Fathi-karkan
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  9. Sadanand Pandey
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Contributions

F.S., Y. J, H. A., M.P.: investigation, data curation. P.Z., M. A.: writing, review, and editing. A. R., S. F-k., S. P: validation, writing, review, and editing. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mehrab Pourmadadi, Abbas Rahdar, Sonia Fathi-karkan or Sadanand Pandey.

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Safari, F., Jalalian, Y., Abdouss, H. et al. Harnessing Nanotechnology for Idarubicin Delivery in Cancer Therapy: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives. BioNanoSci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-024-01376-2

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