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Biological Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Funnel Extract: Characterization and Evaluation of Its Angiogenesis and Cytotoxicity Properties Against Breast Cancer Cells

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Abstract

The present study aims to characterize bio-synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs). Various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis, were used for the characterization of synthesized nanoparticles. The CNPs were synthesized using a bio-synthesis approach with funnel extract. Cell toxicity and angiogenesis activity of synthesized nanoparticles were performed by MTT test and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, respectively. The characterization results demonstrated the successful synthesis of the CNPs, which were relatively stable in aqueous solution. The morphological characteristics revealed that the particles exhibited a predominantly spherical and semi-spherical shape, forming porous agglomerates. In this study, the toxicity of CNPs was evaluated against breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in the concentration range of 15.62 to 500 µg/ml. The median concentration appeared to be about 250 μg/ml after 48 h of incubation. CNPs show less inhibitory effects against NIH-3T3 cells. Also, increasing the concentration of CNPs causes a reduction in the length and number of blood vessels. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the nanoparticles’ cytotoxicity and potential anticancer mechanisms.

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Abbreviations

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

FESEM:

Field emission scanning electron microscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

CNPs:

Cerium oxide nanoparticles

MTT:

(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide

CAM:

Chorioallantoic membrane

MCF-7:

Breast cancer cell line

NIH-3T3:

Embryonic mouse fibroblast cell line

DMEM:

Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium

ICDD:

International Centre for Diffraction Data

PCS:

Photon correlation spectroscopy

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Islamic Azad University for providing equipment and facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Salem Jabr Seyyed Al Khafaji & Maryam Ghobeh

  2. Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Mohammad Mashergi

  3. Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

    Ali Es-haghi

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  1. Salem Jabr Seyyed Al Khafaji
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  4. Ali Es-haghi
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SJSA, MG, MM, and AE developed the theoretical formalism, performed the analytic calculations and performed the numerical simulations. All of the authors contributed to the final version of the manuscript. AE supervised the project.

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Correspondence to Ali Es-haghi.

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Al Khafaji, S., Ghobeh, M., Mashergi, M. et al. Biological Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Funnel Extract: Characterization and Evaluation of Its Angiogenesis and Cytotoxicity Properties Against Breast Cancer Cells. BioNanoSci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-024-01355-7

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