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One-Pot and Environmentally Friendly Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Enterococcus durans: Activity Against Fluconazole-Resistant Pathogenic Candida tropicalis

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Abstract

Metallic nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties have obtained the status of a new generation of antifungal drugs. This study described a method for the synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles (Bio-AgNPs) using cell-free supernatant containing enterocin from Enterococcus durans and assessed the antifungal potential against fluconazole-resistant Candida tropicalis. Bio-AgNPs was confirmed visually by the appearance of a reddish-brown color formation. A sharp absorbance peak at 448 nm was found using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, confirming the presence of Bio-AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential light scattering, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electronic microscopy analyses were employed to characterize the Bio-AgNP. Reduction of Ag+ ions in solution with CFS from E. durans produced spherical Bio-AgNPs with an average size of 169.11 nm and zeta potential of − 25.3 mV. The anti-Candida activity of Bio-AgNPs and its synergism with fluconazole were determined using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution method. Bio-AgNPs at a concentration of 32.17 μg/mL promoted zones of inhibition that ranged from 18.5 ± 0.7 to 23 ± 1.7 mm among C. tropicalis strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Bio-AgNPs that inhibit 80% of growth ranged from 0.251 to 2.01 μg/mL. Bio-AgNPs and fluconazole showed synergistic interaction in 4 out of 6 strains (FICI range 0.23–0.31). These results demonstrate a sustainable and cost-effective method for synthesis of Bio-AgNPs with activity against C. tropicalis. Due to significant activity against fluconazole-resistant strains of C. tropicalis, Bio-AgNPs alone and in combination with fluconazole may represent an alternative in the control of infections associated with this pathogen.

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Acknowledgements

EAP and NAAS were fellowship holders of Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil (CAPES). MCF is grateful to CNPq for the PQ fellowship.

Funding

This work was supported by Fundação Araucária/SETI/Governo do Paraná–Brazil and PROPPG/UEL-Brazil (Project 13349). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Paraná State University of Londrina, C.P. 6001, Paraná, 86051990, Brazil

    Eloiza Aparecida Paulo, Cássia Milena de Souza, Nathália Aparecida Andrade de Souza & Marcia Cristina Furlaneto

  2. Department of Chemistry, Paraná State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

    Juliana Nunes Quirino

  3. Technological Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil

    Luciana Furlaneto-Maia

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Contributions

EAP and MCF conceived and designed the experiments. EAP, CMS, and NAAS performed the experiments. JNQ formal analysis. EAP and MCF analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript. EAP, LF-M, and MCF reviewed and edited the manuscript. All of the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Marcia Cristina Furlaneto.

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Paulo, E.A., de Souza, C.M., de Souza, N.A.A. et al. One-Pot and Environmentally Friendly Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Enterococcus durans: Activity Against Fluconazole-Resistant Pathogenic Candida tropicalis. BioNanoSci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-024-01336-w

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