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Letrozole-Loaded Nano-formulations as a Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy: Recent Developments

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Abstract

Letrozole (LTZ) is a powerful oral aromatase inhibitor in vitro, in vivo (in animals), and in people that are nonsteroidal and reversible. Other aromatase inhibitors (AIs), like anastrozole, exemestane, formestane, and aminoglutethimide, are less effective than letrozole of potency. LTZ also effectively suppresses intratumoral aromatase in vivo. It seems that aromatase is the target of letrozole’s effect. Several animal models have revealed that LTZ has powerful antitumor properties. Low nanomolar quantities of letrozole successfully suppressed aromatase activity in mammary adipose tissue as well as breast cancer LTZ, which has been approved and is used as a treatment for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) primary breast cancer since it efficiently inhibits estrogen production. By encapsulating LTZ with polymer nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, carbon-based nanoparticles (CBNs), solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNs), and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), some issues have been resolved by increasing solubility and biostability. The targeted delivery and release of LTZ using some of the nanocarriers and several examples of co-delivery of different drugs like curcumin, quercetin, celecoxib, and cyclophosphamide with LTZ employing the nanoparticles mentioned above and their exhibited cytotoxicity against several cell lines like MCF-7, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-321 have also been examined in this review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Mehrab Pourmadadi

  2. Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Seyede Mahtab Hosseini, Hamed Ahmadi & Majid Abdouss

  3. School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran

    Sahand Parvaneh

  4. Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, 9861-35856, Iran

    Abbas Rahdar

  5. Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India

    Suresh Ghotekar

  6. Department of Chemical Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran

    Fatemeh Soltani Tehrani

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  2. Seyede Mahtab Hosseini
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  4. Hamed Ahmadi
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  8. Fatemeh Soltani Tehrani
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Contributions

MP and AR conceptualized and designed the study. SMH, SP, HA, and FST contributed in the writing, review, and editing of the manuscript. MA and SG experimented and gathered data and prepared the text, figures, and table. The manuscript was reviewed and approved for submission by all the authors.

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Correspondence to Majid Abdouss, Abbas Rahdar or Suresh Ghotekar.

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Pourmadadi, M., Hosseini, S.M., Parvaneh, S. et al. Letrozole-Loaded Nano-formulations as a Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy: Recent Developments. BioNanoSci. 13, 1593–1608 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-023-01196-w

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