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A Comparative Study of Green and Chemical Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs): From Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Analysis to Multifaceted Biomedical Applications

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Abstract

The underline study focuses on the comparative physicochemical and morphological characteristics, electrochemical analysis, and biological properties of green and chemically synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles. Green synthesis (G-CeO2-NPs) was carried out using an aqueous root extract of Polygonum bistorta Linn as a reducing and capping agent while chemical synthesis (C-CeO2-NPs) was achieved using ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solution via facile precipitation approach. The prepared nanoparticles were investigated for physicochemical, morphological, elemental, and electrochemical properties using multiple characterization techniques while the comparative yield was also determined. Chemical synthesis resulted in cerium oxide nanoparticles (C-CeO2-NPs) with higher yield and specific capacitance compared to green synthesis. However, green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles (G-CeO2-NPs) were biologically more active. For instance, G-CeO2-NPs exhibited better antioxidant and bactericidal properties as well as superior leishmanicidal properties, against the amastigote and promastigote stages of the Leishmania tropica, the dimorphic parasite that causes Leishmaniasis. The NPs also demonstrated moderate but comparable anti-Alzheimer’s and antidiabetic properties in in vitro studies. Finally, both the chemical and green synthesized CeO2-NPs proved significant hemocompatibility, making cerium oxide nanoparticles, mainly the G-CeO2-NPs, biologically more active, nontoxic, eco-friendly, and favorable candidates for diverse pharmacological studies.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in the article and or are available with the corresponding author on request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Prof. Dr. Mushtaq Ahmad, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, for plant identification.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Aslam Khan, Muhammad Aamir Ramzan Siddique & Syed Ali Imran Bokhari

  2. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

    Muhammad Aamir Ramzan Siddique

  3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China

    Muhammad Sajid

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Sana Karim

  5. Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China

    Muhammad Umair Ali

  6. Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Rehan Abid

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  1. Muhammad Aslam Khan
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MAK perceived the idea, carried out experimental work, and wrote the manuscript. MARS and SK assisted in the experimental work. MS, MUA, and RA assisted in characterization analysis. SAIB supervised the project.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Aslam Khan.

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Highlights

Chemically synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles (C-CeO2-NPs) and green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles (G-CeO2-NPs) are compared.

The NPs were characterized using UV-Vis, XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, EDS, DLS, and Gamry potentiostat.

Chemical synthesis resulted in CeO2-NPs with higher yield and specific capacitance compared to green synthesis.

However, green synthesized CeO2-NPs were biologically more active and showed better antioxidant, antibacterial, antileishmanial, and enzyme inhibition properties.

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Khan, M.A., Siddique, M.A.R., Sajid, M. et al. A Comparative Study of Green and Chemical Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs): From Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Analysis to Multifaceted Biomedical Applications. BioNanoSci. 13, 667–685 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-023-01114-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-023-01114-0

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