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Anti-neoplastic Effects of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Green Sources on Cervical and Melanoma Cancer Cell Lines

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Abstract

The cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of gold nanoparticles synthesized from green sources on cervical (HeLa) and melanoma (A375) cancer cells have been studied. These nanoparticles were synthesized using sodium citrate, tannic acid, lemongrass extract, and green tea extract to compare the effects of different reducing agents on the ability to affect cancer cell viability. The nanoparticles were characterized using absorption and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, particle-size analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cancer cells were treated with gold nanoparticles at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 μg/mL for 48 h and revealed dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The effects on cell viability were mediated by induction of apoptosis, as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage was observed in HeLa and A375 cells treated with tannic acid gold nanoparticles and in HeLa cells treated with green tea gold nanoparticles. Additionally, cell proliferation assays revealed decreased proliferation of A375 cells treated with green synthesized, but not traditional gold nanoparticles. Collectively, these results suggest that gold nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts have a promising potential as a cancer treatment method as they exhibit both pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects towards multiple cancer cell lines.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Susquehanna University for the financial support for the project, Monica Hoover (Director of Environmental Engineering & Science Lab, Bucknell University) for the assistance with the ZetaSizer, and Julie Anderson (Materials Characterization Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University) for obtaining the SEM images.

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No external funding was received for this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA, 17870, USA

    Jared Dickson & Swarna Basu

  2. Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA, 17870, USA

    Brooke Weaver & Pavithra Vivekanand

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  1. Jared Dickson
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  2. Brooke Weaver
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Correspondence to Pavithra Vivekanand or Swarna Basu.

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Dickson, J., Weaver, B., Vivekanand, P. et al. Anti-neoplastic Effects of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Green Sources on Cervical and Melanoma Cancer Cell Lines. BioNanoSci. 13, 194–202 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-022-01056-z

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