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A Review of Challenges for Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

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Abstract

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has a high deposition rate, high material utilization, and compact structure, so it is especially suitable for low-cost, high-efficiency, and fast near-net-shape manufacturing of large-scale complex parts. However, in the WAAM process, many challenges limiting the quality and performance of the deposited layers, such as the WAAM process options and material selections limiting deposition performance and microstructure, manufacturing defects weakening the quality of the deposited layer, and the difficulty in predicting the quality and the performance. This paper outlines the challenges of WAAM, summarizes the challenges of material selections and processing methods, improving microstructure and performance, defect monitoring and improvement, simulation technology and artificial intelligence technology introducing predictive WAAM, and finally analyzes its development trends.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. LY20E05002 and China Scholarship Council and State Task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation No.0809-2021-0013.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan Education Town, Wenzhou, 325035, China

    Lei Huang, Xizhang Chen, Sergey Konovalov, Chuanchu Su, Yanhu Wang & Pan Xiaoming

  2. Department of Metals Technology and Aviation Materials, Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, Samara, Russia, 443086

    Lei Huang, Xizhang Chen, Sergey Konovalov, Chuanchu Su & Yanhu Wang

  3. Siberian State Industrial University, 42, Kirova Street, Novokuznetsk, Russia, 654007

    Sergey Konovalov & Irina Panchenko

  4. Suzhou Fanglin Technology Co., Ltd., High-Tech Zone, Suzhou, 215151, China

    Lei Huang & Pengfei Fan

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  1. Lei Huang
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  2. Xizhang Chen
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  3. Sergey Konovalov
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Huang, L., Chen, X., Konovalov, S. et al. A Review of Challenges for Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). Trans Indian Inst Met 76, 1123–1139 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-022-02823-y

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