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Microstructural Aspects of TIG and A-TIG Welding Process of Dissimilar Steel Grades and Correlation to Mechanical Behavior

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Abstract

The present study reports microstructural characteristics of two grades of steels, stainless steel (SS 304) and carbon steel welded using tungsten inert gas (TIG) and activated flux-TIG (A-TIG) processes. Activated fluxes such as TiO2, ZnO and MnO2 are effective for A-TIG welding of dissimilar weld between carbon steel to stainless steel. Mechanical properties, joint efficiency of A-TIG welds are found to be higher than normal TIG Welds. This study attempts to establish a correlation between observed mechanical behavior (hardness and strength) and the microstructural characteristics of the weld samples. Significant differences in microstructures are recorded in terms of grain size, local misorientation, grain and phase boundary characteristics in distinct regions of the welded samples. The microstructural observations exhibit: (1) the presence of Widmanstatten ferrite structure at the heat affected zone of the carbon steel part in the A-TIG welded specimen and (2) differences in structure at the interface of stainless steel and weld metal region under the two conditions of welding. These structures are morphologically different and shows differences in the number fraction of 45° <114> phase boundary orientation relationship. The microstructure also displays significant heterogeneity in grain size and grain misorientation.

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Acknowledgments

Authors are grateful to Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University (PDPU), Gandhinagar, India and University of Saskatchewan (UoS), Canada for conducting experimental work and high end characterization of the welded samples respectively. Dr Badheka of PDPU is also thankful to the Board for Research in Fusion Science and Technology (BRFST), Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), Gandhinagar, India for sponsoring the research project via project number NFP-08/MAT/01.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Raisan Village, Gandhinagar, 382007, India

    Vishvesh J. Badheka

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Northcap University, Gurgaon, 122017, India

    Ritwik Basu

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, S7N5A9, Canada

    Joseph Omale & Jerzy Szpunar

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  1. Vishvesh J. Badheka
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  2. Ritwik Basu
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  3. Joseph Omale
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  4. Jerzy Szpunar
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Correspondence to Vishvesh J. Badheka.

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Badheka, V.J., Basu, R., Omale, J. et al. Microstructural Aspects of TIG and A-TIG Welding Process of Dissimilar Steel Grades and Correlation to Mechanical Behavior. Trans Indian Inst Met 69, 1765–1773 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-016-0836-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-016-0836-5

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