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Geochemistry and Pb isotopic proof for sources of heavy metal(loid)s in Late Cretaceous sandstones from Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey)

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Abstract

Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks are widely exposed around Trabzon, Giresun and Gümüşhane in the eastern Pontides. The sedimentary rocks are mainly composed of sandstones and marls, and the thicknesses of these rocks range from 170 to 400 m. This paper focused on Late Cretaceous sandstones of Trabzon, Giresun and Gümüşhane regions to identify the concentrations, sources, deposition environment and conditions of certain heavy metal(loid)s (Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, As, Co, Mo and V). Enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Pollution index (Pi), Pollution load index (Pln), Pb isotope and multivariate statistical analysis were performed to elucidate the pollution levels and sources. In general, the evaluation indices exhibited that the sandstones were moderately polluted by As in the Trabzon area, and strongly polluted by Ni and As, moderately polluted by Co and V in the Giresun and Gümüşhane areas. The results of multivariate statistical analyses indicated that As and partly Pb might be originated from anthropogenic sources, whereas other metals were derived from geogenic origin. Lead isotopic analysis demonstrated two characterized signatures of the pollution sources in the sandstones, one related to geogenic origin and the other to coal, gasoline and pesticides. The sandstones were deposited in transition—marine environment under oxic—weak oxic conditions and paleoclimatic conditions ranged from arid to moist during Late Cretaceous period.

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Fig. 1
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modified from Saydam Eker and Korkmaz 2011)

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source materials, b 1/Pb normalized values vs. 206Pb/207Pb ratios indicating the sources and levels of pollution of the sandstones

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Acknowledgements

The Karadeniz Technical University Scientific Research Foundation (Project No. 2006.118.001.9) partly financially supported this study. The author gratefully acknowledges Prof. Dr. Sadettin Korkmaz for their help. The author gratefully acknowledges Editor-in-Chief Dr. Gunter Dörhöfer for editorial handling. The author thanks to anonymous reviewers for his/her constructive comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Geology, Engineering and Natural Sciences Faculty, Gumushane University, 29000, Gumushane, Turkey

    Çiğdem Saydam Eker

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Saydam Eker, Ç. Geochemistry and Pb isotopic proof for sources of heavy metal(loid)s in Late Cretaceous sandstones from Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Environ Earth Sci 80, 477 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09772-7

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