Abstract
Sediments provide essential information about geochemical processes occurring in aquatic systems and are useful to monitor temporal changes in metals concentrations. In this work, we conducted a geochemical survey in the Rio de Ondas basin, situated in the inland cerrado area from the northeast Brazilian region, to establish environmental reference values to identify metal origins related to anthropogenic and natural sources. Also, we evaluated the temporal dynamics of soil to assess the anthropic pressure over the soil surface and its potential effects on geochemical compositions of sediments. To this end, we combined geochemical and Geographic Information System (GIS) information, including remote sensing imagery, X-ray diffraction analysis, and geochemical analytical tools. We applied multivariate statistical analysis, determination of Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), and enrichment factors (EF) to interpret the dataset. The results showed that 47.35% of the Brazilian cerrado in this zone was suppressed due to agricultural activity expansion. Mineralogy analysis indicated the presence of quartz silicates, varying from 65.1% (w/w) to 86% (w/w). Overall, the sediments showed low metal contamination levels and moderate levels near urban centers, probably due to domestic sewage discharge. It was also observed in very similar proportions of mineral constituents, obtaining environmental reference data and their associations with the region's geological formation. Thereby, sediment geochemical compositions probably reflect weathering processes, which may accelerate due to landscape modifications induced by economic activities, notably agriculture.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdel-Karim AAM, Zaki AA, Elwan W, El-Naggar MR, Gouda MM (2016) Experimental and modeling investigations of cesium and strontium adsorption onto clay of radioactive waste disposal. Appl Clay Sci 132–133:391–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.07.005
Abdel-Karim AAM, Zaki AA, Elwan W, El-Naggar MR, Gouda MM (2019) Geological and contaminant transport assessment of a low level radioactive waste disposal site. J Geochem Explor 197:174–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.12.011
Amorim V, De Lima OAL (2007) Avaliaçãohidrogeológica do aqüíferourucuianabacia do rio das fêmeas—Ba usandoresistividade e polarizaçãoelétricainduzida. RevistaBrasileira de Geofisica 25(2):117–129
Araújo DF, Ponzevera E, Briant N, Knoery J, Sireau T, Mojtahid M, Metzger E, Brach-Papa C (2019) Assessment of the metal contamination evolution in the Loire estuary using Cu and Zn stable isotopes and geochemical data in sediments. Marine Pollut Bull 143:12–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.034
Arraes Moreira RC, Boaventura GR (2003) Referênciageoquímica regional para a interpretação das concentrações de elementosquímicosnossedimentos da bacia do LagoParanoá—DF. Quim Nova 26(6):812–820
Baize D, Sterckeman T (2001) Of the necessity of knowledge of the natural pedo-geochemical background content in the evaluation of the contamination of soils by trace elements. Sci Total Environ 264(1–2):127–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00615-X
Barbieri M (2016) The Importance of Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) to evaluate the soil contamination. J GeolGeophys 5(1):1–4. https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000237
Barbieri M, Nigro A, Sappa G (2015) Soil contamination evaluation by Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo). Senses Sci 2(3):94–97. https://doi.org/10.14616/sands-2015-3-9497
Birch GF (2017) Determination of sediment metal background concentrations and enrichment in marine environments—a critical review. Sci Total Environ 580:813–831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.028
Bogunovic I, Trevisani S, Pereira P, Vukadinovic V (2018) Science of the total environment Mapping soil organic matter in the Baranja region (Croatia): Geological and anthropic forcing parameters. Sci Total Environ 643:335–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.193
Bonfim DB, Janoni CR, Leite OD, Santos JLO, Carvalho LG (2016) Mineralizaçõesmanganesíferassupergênicasenriquecidasemtáliona Mina Perdizes, São Desidério, oeste do Estado da Bahia: tipologia, mineralogiaeassociaçãometálica do minério. Revista de Geologia 29(2):195–212
Brancalion PHS, Garcia LC, Loyola R, Rodrigues RR, Pillar VD, Lewinsohn TM (2016) A critical analysis of the native vegetation protection law of Brazil (2012): updates and ongoing initiatives. Natureza e Conservacao 14:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncon.2016.03.003
Brasil. Decreto No 4.339, de 22 de Agosto de 2002—Institui princípios e diretrizes para a implementação da Política Nacional da Biodiversidade. , Pub. L. No. 4339 (2002). http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9394.htm
Brasil. Decreto n°5.092 de 21 de maio de 2004—Áreas Prioritárias para a Conservação. , Pub. L. No. 5.092 (2004). http://www.mma.gov.br/estruturas/conabio/_arquivos/dec5092_04conabio.pdf
Brasil (2009) No Rumo da Mudança—Fatos e Tendências—Água. Agência Nacional de Água. http://www.mma.gov.br/estruturas/secex_consumo/_arquivos/3-mcs_agua.pdf . Accessed 12 April 2019
Brentan BM, Meirelles G, Herrera M, Luvizotto E, Izquierdo J (2017) Correlation analysis of water demand and predictive variables for short-term forecasting models. Math ProblEng 2017:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6343625
Campos JEG, Dardenne MA (1997a) Estratigrafia e sedimentação da bacia sanfranciscana: uma revisão. Revista Brasileira de Geociências 27(3):269–282. https://doi.org/10.25249/0375-7536.1997269282
Campos JEG, Dardenne MA (1997b) Estratigrafia e sedimentação da baciasanfranciscana: umarevisão. RevistaBrasileira de Geociências 27(3):269–282
Carter D (2018) Vegetation suppression and tillage impact on soil during grassland restoration. College of Graduate Studies of Tarleton State University, ProQuest LLC
Chaudhary A, Pfister S, Hellweg S (2016) Spatially explicit analysis of biodiversity loss due to global agriculture, pasture and forest land use from a producer and consumer perspective. Environ SciTechnol 50(7):3928–3936. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b06153
Chen K, Jiao JJ, Huang J, Huang R (2007) Multivariate statistical evaluation of trace elements in groundwater in a coastal area in Shenzhen, China. Environ Pollut 147(3):771–780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.09.002
Chu K, Liu W, She Y, Hua Z, Tan M, Liu X et al (2018) Modified principal component analysis for identifying key environmental indicators and application to a large-scale tidal flat reclamation. Water (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/w10010069
CPRM. (2004). Carta geológica do Brasil ao milionésimo—SF 24. Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais.
CPRM. (2019). Estudos Hidrológicos e Hidrogeológicos Integrados na Região do Aquífero Urucuia. Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais.
da Silva ATR (2015) A conservação da biodiversidade entre ossaberes da tradição e a ciência. EstudosAvançados 29(83):233–259. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-40142015000100012
Damasceno OS (2011) Geomorfologia fluvial da baciahidrográfica do rio de ondas. Caminhos da Geografia 12(39):126–136
Darnley AG (1997) A global geochemical reference network: The foundation for geochemical baselines. J GeochemExplor 60(1):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(97)00020-4
das Costa CN, Meurer EJ, Bissani CA, Tedesco MJ (2007) Fracionamento sequencial de cádmio e chumbo em solos. Ciência Rural 37(5):1323–1328. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782007000500016
de Carvalho VGB, do Nascimento CWA, Biondi CM (2012) Potencial de fertilizantes e corretivos no aporte de micronutrientesao solo. RevistaBrasileira de Ciência do Solo 1:931–938
de Carvalho MAC, Panosso AR, Teixeira EER, Araújo EG, Brancaglioni VA, Dallacort R (2018) Multivariate approach of soil attributes on the characterization of land use in the southern Brazilian Amazon. Soil Tillage Res 184:207–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2018.08.004
de Castro ERR, Moreira MC, Carvalho LG, da Silva DD (2015) Caracterização de ambientesaquáticos no rio de Ondas, cerradobaiano. Rev Ambient Água 10:207–220. https://doi.org/10.4136/1980-993X
de Lemes MJL, Filho PMF, Pires MAF (2010) Influência da mineralogia dos sedimentos das baciashidrográficas dos riosmogi- guaçu e pardonacomposiçãoquímica das águas de abastecimentopúblico. J Soils Sediments 10(8):1436–1439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-010-0309-0
De Jesus HC, De Abreu Costa E, Ferreira Mendonça AS, Zandonade E (2004) Distribuição de metaispesadosemsedimentos do sistemaestuarino da ilha de Vitória-es. Quim Nova 27(3):378–386
De Paula Filho FJ, Marins RV, De Lacerda LD, Aguiar JE, Peres TF (2015) Background values for evaluation of heavy metal contamination in sediments in the Parnaíba River Delta estuary. NE/Brazil Marine Pollution Bulletin 91(2):424–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.08.022
Deng X, Xu Y, Han L, Song S, Yang L, Li G, Wang Y (2015) Impacts of urbanization on river systems in the Taihu Region. China Water (Switzerland) 7(4):1340–1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7041340
Diyabalanage S, Samarakoon KK, Adikari SB, Hewawasam T (2017) Impact of soil and water conservation measures on soil erosion rate and sediment yields in a tropical watershed in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka. ApplGeogr 79:103–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.12.004
Duarte M I (2012) Avaliação Da Qualidade De Água No Alto Curso Do Rio Xingu: Bacia Do Rio Das Pacas, Querência—Mt. Dissertação (mestrado)—.
Embrapa (2020). Satélites de Monitoramento. Embrapa. http://www.sat.cnpm.embrapa.br. Accessed 17 January 2020
Everett P. A, Lister T. R, Forfyce F. M, Gowing C. J. B, Lawley R. S (2019) Stream sediment geochemical atlas of the United Kingdom. (B. Palumbo-Roe, Ed.). British Geological Survey Open Report. www.geologyshop.com
Fistarol PHB, de Brandolff RS, dos Santos JYG (2015) Análise Fisiográfica da Bacia do Rio de Ondas—BA. Anais XVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto, SBSR, pp 5469–5476
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2019). AQUASTAT - Sistema de Informação da FAO sobre Água e Agricultura. AQUASTAT—FAO’s Information System on Water and Agriculture.
Fu B, Wang S, Liu Y, Liu J, Liang W, Miao C (2017) Hydrogeomorphic ecosystem responses to natural and anthropogenic changes in the Loess Plateau of China. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 45(1):223–243. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-063016-020552
García-Ruiz JM, Beguería S, Lana-Renault N, Nadal-Romero E, Cerdà A (2017) Ongoing and emerging questions in water erosion studies. Land DegradDev 28(1):5–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2641
Gaspar MTP, Campos JEG (2007) O sistema aqüífero urucuia. Revista Brasileira de Geociências 37(S4):216–226. https://doi.org/10.25249/0375-7536.200737s4216226
Gregorauskiene V, Salminen R, Reimann C, Chekushin V, Finland G S (2000) Field Manual for Barents Ecogeochemistry project, p54.
Grosbois CA, Horowitz AJ, Smith JJ, Elrick KA (2001) The effect of mining and related activities on the sediment-trace element geochemistry of Lake Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, USA. Part III. Downstream effects: the Spokane River Basin. Hydroll Process 15(5):855–875. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.192
Huster AC, Pierce DE (2020) A geochemical baseline for clays of the Toluca Valley, Mexico. J Archaeol Sci: Rep 29:102094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102094
ICZ (2011) O Zinco e o Meio Ambiente O. Instituto de Metais Não ferrosos. https://www.icz.org.br/zinco-meio-ambiente.php. Accessed 10 June 2019
Idris AM (2008) Combining multivariate analysis and geochemical approaches for assessing heavy metal level in sediments from Sudanese harbors along the Red Sea coast. Microchem J 90(2):159–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2008.05.004
Issaka S, Ashraf MA (2017) Impact of soil erosion and degradation on water quality: a review. GeolEcolLandsc 1(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/24749508.2017.1301053
Kim BSM, Angeli JLF, Ferreira PAL, de Mahiques MM, Figueira RCL (2018) Critical evaluation of different methods to calculate the Geoaccumulation Index for environmental studies: anew approach for BaixadaSantista—Southeastern Brazil. Marine Pollut Bullet 127:548–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.049
Koh DC, Chae GT, Yoon YY, Kang BR, Koh GW, Park KH (2009) Baseline geochemical characteristics of groundwater in the mountainous area of Jeju Island, South Korea: implications for degree of mineralization and nitrate contamination. J Hydrol 376(1–2):81–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.016
Lima ONB, Uhlein A, de Britto W (2007) Estratigrafia do Grupo Bambuí na Serra da Saudade e geologia do depósito fosfático de Cedro do Abaeté Minas Gerais. Revista Brasileira de Geociências 37(S4):204–215. https://doi.org/10.25249/0375-7536.200737s4204215
Lima ESA, Do AmaralSobrinho NMB, Lima Magalhães MO, Do NascimentoGuedes J, Zonta E (2012) Absorção de bárioporplantas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) e mobilidadeem solo tratado com baritina sob diferentescondições de potencial redox. Quim Nova 35(9):1746–1751. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422012000900008
Mancosu N, Snyder RL, Kyriakakis G, Spano D (2015) Water scarcity and future challenges for food production. Water (Switzerland) 7(3):975–992. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7030975
Martinez WL, Martinez AR, Solka JL (2017) Exploratory data analysis with MATLAB®. Taylor & Francis Group LLC, Boca Raton, FL
Mendes, P. H. (2019). Oeste da BA tem recorde de produção de soja com colheita de 6 milhões de toneladas de grãos , diz associação.
Meneses BM, Reis R, Vale MJ, Saraiva R (2015) Land use and land cover changes in Zêzere watershed (Portugal)—water quality implications. Sci Total Environ 527–528:439–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.092
Mulholland DS, Boaventura GR, Araújo DF (2012) Geological and anthropogenic influences on sediment metal composition in the upper Paracatu River Basin. Brazil Environ Earth Sci 67(5):1307–1317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1574-6
Muller G, G (1969) Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. Geojournal, 2, 108–118. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10030367619/en/. Accessed 11 April 2020
Nitzu E, Dorobat ML, Popa I, Giurginca A, Baba Ş (2018) The influence of geological substrate on the faunal structure the influence of geological substrate on the faunal structure of the superficial subterranean habitats. Carpathian J Earth Environ Sci 13(2):383–393. https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2018/013/033
Purba FD, Hunfeld JAM, Fitriana TS, Iskandarsyah A, Sadarjoen SS, Busschbach JJV, Passchier J (2018) Living in uncertainty due to floods and pollution: The health status and quality of life of people living on an unhealthy riverbank. BMC Public Health 18(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5706-0
do RegoEnoc ELL (2014) Avaliação de parâmetrosgeoquímicosnabaciahidrográfica do Rio de Ondas. Universidade de Brasília, RegiãoOeste da Bahia
Rego Do, Enoc L, Boaventura GR, Bueno MA, Souza AS, Campos JEG, Leite OD (2014) Seasonality influence evaluation of metal concentrations in Ondas River watershed—BA. Brazilian J AnalytChem 3(12):488–494
Reimann C, De Caritat P (2017) Establishing geochemical background variation and threshold values for 59 elements in Australian surface soil. Sci Total Environ 578:633–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.010
Ren D, Xu X, Engel B, Huang G (2018) Growth responses of crops and natural vegetation to irrigation and water table changes in an agro-ecosystem of Hetao, upper Yellow River basin: scenario analysis on maize, sunflower, watermelon and tamarisk. Agric Water Manag 199:93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.12.021
Riasat M, Pakniyat H, Heidari B, Jafari A (2018) Variations in phytophenol compounds in association with morphological traits in Trigonella spp. Accessions. Ann Res Rev Biol 25(1):1–16. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2018/39533
Romano E, Bergamin L, Croudace IW, Ausili A, Maggi C, Gabellini M (2015) Establishing geochemical background levels of selected trace elements in areas having geochemical anomalies: the case study of the Orbetello lagoon (Tuscany, Italy). Environ Pollut 202:96–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.017
Sakan S, Popović A, Anđelković I, Đorđević D (2016) Aquatic sediments pollution estimate using the metal fractionation, secondary phase enrichment factor calculation, and used statistical methods. Environ Geochem Health 38(3):855–867. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9766-0
Salminen R, Tarvainen T (1997) The problem of defining geochemical baselines. a case study of selected elements and geological materials in Finland. J GeochemExplor 60(1):91–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(97)00028-9
Salvati L, Colantoni A (2015) Land use dynamics and soil quality in agro-forest systems: a country-scale assessment in Italy. J Environ Plan Manage 58(1):175–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2013.849235
Schiller AP, Ferronato MC, Schwantes D, Gonçalves AC, Barilli DJ, Manfrin J (2019) Influence of hydrological flows from tropical watersheds on the dynamics of Cu and Zn in sediments. Environ Monit Assess. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7193-x
Sharratt BS, Tatarko J, Abatzoglou JT, Fox FA, Huggins D (2015) Implications of climate change on wind erosion of agricultural lands in the Columbia plateau. Weather and Climate Extremes 10:20–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2015.06.001
Simon H, Kelemen S (2017) Anthropic in fluences on the sedimentation rates of lakes situated in different geographic areas. J Environ Radioact 173:11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.09.001
Souza D. P. C, Janoni C. R. (2013) Quadro Geológico Encaixante e Implicações Metalogenéticas do Minérios Manganesífero portador de metais raros no Vale do Rio de Ondas, Região de Barrerias/BA. Anais do III Simpósio Brasileiro de Metalogenia, 2013, Gramado/. In III Simpósio Brasileiro de Metalogenia. Gramado/RS: Anais do III Simpósio Brasileiro de Metalogenia.
Spigolon ALD, de Alvarenga CJS (2002) Fáceis e elementosarquiteturaisresultantes de mudançasclimáticasem um ambientedesertico: grupourucuia (Neocretáceo). BaciaSanfranciscanaRevistaBrasileira de Geociências 32(4):579–586
Sun X, Li C, Kuiper KF, Zhang Z, Gao J, Wijbrans JR (2016) Human impact on erosion patterns and sediment transport in the Yangtze River. Global Planet Change 143:88–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.06.004
Taelman SE, Schaubroeck T, De Meester S, Boone L, Dewulf J (2016) Accounting for land use in life cycle assessment: the value of NPP as a proxy indicator to assess land use impacts on ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 550:143–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.055
Teng Y, Ni S, Wang J, Niu L (2009) Geochemical baseline of trace elements in the sediment in Dexing area South, China. Environ Geol 57(7):1649–1660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1446-2
Tucci CEM, Hespanhol I, de Netto OMC (2001) Gestão da Água no Brasil. UNESCO. https://doi.org/10.3141/1774-02
Urgesa AA, Abegaz A, Bahir AL, Antille DL (2016) Population growth and other factors affecting land-use and land-cover changes in north-eastern Wollega. Ethiopia Trop Agric 93(4):298–311
Van Den Oever F (2000) Aruba—a geochemical baseline study. Geologie en Mijnbouw/Netherlands J Geosci 79(4):467–477. https://doi.org/10.1017/S001677460002196X
Wang X, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Yi L, Zuo L, Wen Q et al (2016) Assessment of soil erosion change and its relationships with land use/cover change in China from the end of the 1980s to 2010. CATENA 137:256–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.10.004
Wedepohl KH (1995) The composition of the continental crust. GeochimCosmochimActa 59(7):1217–1232
Xu X, Jiang Y, Liu M, Huang Q, Huang G (2019) Modeling and assessing agro-hydrological processes and irrigation water saving in the middle Heihe River basin. Agric Water Manag 211:152–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.09.033
Zanella C (2017) Oeste Bahia. Anuário da Região Oeste da Bahia—Safra/Crop 2016/2017. http://aiba.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/anuario-16-17.pdf. Accessed 21 March 2019
Zope PE, Eldho TI, Jothiprakash V (2016) Impacts of land use-land cover change and urbanization on flooding: a case study of Oshiwara River Basin in Mumbai, India. CATENA 145:142–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.06.009
Acknowledgements
The authors thank for the receive gratification, the scholarships and financial support from Brazilian agencies FAPESB, CNPq and CAPES. Finally, we would like to thank the technicians and chemists from the Institute of Geosciences at University of Brasímia and the research group Cangaço of UFOB for all the support in carrying out the study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
do Rego, E.L., Boaventura, G.R., Leite, O.D. et al. Geochemical baseline of trace and major elements in sediments in the Rio de Ondas Basin (Bahia, Brazil). Environ Earth Sci 80, 107 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09359-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09359-8