Abstract
High-slope and rock mass joint development are the factors for predicting and controlling blasting vibrations under open pit mining. Blasting vibration adversely affects the stability of jointed rock slopes, thus studying the characteristics of blasting vibration frequency bands in jointed rock masses slope is an important task to ensure the safety of blasting operations. In the present study, vibratory ground motions were measured during blasting excavation in open-pit mining, and the blasting vibration frequency band characteristics of jointed rock masses and high slope were studied through the wavelet transform and response spectrum method. The results demonstrated that the amplification effects of the peak particle velocity (PPV) and energy between different frequency bands exhibited distinguishing characteristics. It was found that, with the increase in elevation, the PPV and energy amplification effects were the most obvious in the 0–16 Hz band, while they were attenuated in the 32–64 Hz band. Furthermore, the distribution of dominant frequency bands of vibration signals observed to be low and narrow, and the average frequency had been reduced. In the development of joints in rock masses, the PPV and energy in each frequency band were attenuated, and the distribution of the dominant frequency bands of vibration signals was high and wide. Also, the average frequency had been increased and the multi-modal characteristics of the responses to blasting vibrations were more obvious. The rock mass structures had displayed different amplification effects on the frequency components of the blasting seismic waves. Finally, as the effects of jointed rock masses on the blasting load responses could not be simply considered as reducing vibrations, they must be analyzed using vibration theory and actual situations.
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Abbreviations
- \(\ddot{x}\) :
-
Acceleration of the rock mass element
- \(\dot{x}\) :
-
Velocity of the rock mass element
- \(x\) :
-
Displacement of the rock mass element
- \(\omega\) :
-
Excitation frequency
- \(\omega_{0}\) :
-
Natural frequency of the slope
- \(\zeta\) :
-
Damping ratio
- \(c\) :
-
Viscous damping coefficient
- \(m\) :
-
Mass of the rock mass element
- \(t\) :
-
Time
- \(\tau\) :
-
Specific time
- \(v_{0}\) :
-
Initial velocity
- \(d_{0}\) :
-
Initial displacement
- \(I\) :
-
Instantaneous impulse
- \(p\) :
-
Blasting load
- \(d\tau\) :
-
Micro-segment
- \(dt\) :
-
Time step-size
- \(dx\) :
-
Displacement step-size
- \(\psi (t)\) :
-
Arbitrary signal
- \(L^{2} (R)\) :
-
A signal space with limited energy
- \(R\) :
-
Real number
- \(\hat{\psi }(\omega )\) :
-
Fourier transformed arbitrary signal
- \(C_{\psi }\) :
-
Permitted condition
- \(f\) :
-
Function
- \(W_{f} (a,b)\) :
-
The continuous wavelet transform for any function
- \(a\) :
-
Scaling factor
- \(b\) :
-
Translation factor
- \(Z\) :
-
Natural number
- \(i\) :
-
Specific natural number
- \(j\) :
-
Specific natural number
- \(k\) :
-
Specific natural number
- \(\Delta a\) :
-
Scale interval
- \(\Delta b\) :
-
Time interval
- \(E\) :
-
Energy
- \(\eta\) :
-
Relative energy
- \(\overline{f}\) :
-
Average frequency
- \(f_{i}\) :
-
Each frequency in the Fourier Spectrum
- \(A_{i}\) :
-
Amplitude associated with each frequency
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Acknowledgments
The work was supported by a project funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52064015, 51404111), National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFF0300205), Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Beijing Education Commission (KM200710005004), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2014M562529XB), Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20192BAB206017), a Scientific Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Education Department (GJJ160643), and the Programme of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents (JXUSTQJYX2016007), Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, China. The aforementioned financial supports are much appreciated.
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Zhang, S., Gao, W., Yan, L. et al. The characteristics of blasting vibration frequency bands in jointed rock mass slope. Environ Earth Sci 79, 519 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09267-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09267-x