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Vulnerability to contamination by phosphorus in a zero-order basin with a high density of pigs and a history of slurry addition: extrapolation of an index

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Abstract

The application of phosphorus (P)-index methodology to assess the risk of water pollution from agriculture in river basins usually takes time and expends a great amount of resources. This study adapted the P-index methodology using digital mapping of key basin risk criteria for P loss in reference areas to evaluate the wider vulnerability to P loss in a zero-order basin with an intense concentration of pigs and with a history of pig slurry additions to the soil. The P content of eleven reference areas, where ten areas have received various applications of pig slurry and one area has no history of addition, was extrapolated to a zero-order basin using principal component analysis and analysis of hierarchical groupings. Estimated loss of soil and the distance between the P source and the watercourse were mapped using satellite images and in situ evaluations. The methodology of extrapolating was well correlated with a survey of P concentrations in land runoff and provides the potential to improve land management of those areas that are most vulnerable. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis proved to be useful tools for the separation of areas with different slurry application times. Our results suggest that the P loss risk could be reduced through the adoption of soil conservation techniques such as reduced-tillage incorporating slurry and crop residue management to provide adequate soil protection, reduce the impact of raindrops and reduce erosion risk and transport of chemical pollutants to water bodies.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Social Technologies for Water Management Project (TSGA), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Ciências Rurais, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, UFSM, Av. Roraima no 1000, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil

    Rafael da Rosa Couto, Ricardo Bergamo Schenato & Gustavo Brunetto

  2. Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Florianópolis, CEP 88034-000, Brazil

    Luiz Carloz Pittol Martini & Jucinei José Comin

  3. Pós-graduação em Ciência do Solo, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil

    Luciano Colpo Gatiboni

  4. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Caixa Postal 476, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88040-970, Brazil

    Paulo Belli Filho

  5. Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado, 108 E, Chapecó, SC, CEP 89802-112, Brazil

    Sérgio Roberto Martins

  6. Programa de Pós Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Florianópolis, CEP 88034-000, Brazil

    Cleiton Junior Ribeiro Lazzari & Vilmar Müller Júnior

  7. School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK

    Paul John Anthony Withers

Authors
  1. Rafael da Rosa Couto
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  2. Luiz Carloz Pittol Martini
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  3. Luciano Colpo Gatiboni
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  4. Paulo Belli Filho
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  5. Sérgio Roberto Martins
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  6. Cleiton Junior Ribeiro Lazzari
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  7. Vilmar Müller Júnior
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  8. Jucinei José Comin
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  9. Paul John Anthony Withers
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  10. Ricardo Bergamo Schenato
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  11. Gustavo Brunetto
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Correspondence to Rafael da Rosa Couto.

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da Rosa Couto, R., Martini, L.C.P., Gatiboni, L.C. et al. Vulnerability to contamination by phosphorus in a zero-order basin with a high density of pigs and a history of slurry addition: extrapolation of an index. Environ Earth Sci 77, 144 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7301-1

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