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Modeling flood dynamics in a temporary river draining to an eutrophic reservoir in southeast Portugal

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Abstract

Enxoé is a small temporary river with a flushy regime, which flash floods carry significant loads to the reservoir. As a result, the reservoir, which supplies 25,000 inhabitants, exhibits a high trophic state and cyanobacteria blooms since its construction in 1998, with water abstractions requiring extensive treatment. This study aimed to understand the contribution of flash floods to the Enxoé’s reservoir high trophic state using a modeling approach. This was the first time the river was monitored and that a modeling study was carried out. The MOHID-Land model was implemented to assess the water path in the catchment, and was integrated with field data to compute river loads. Results confirmed the importance of flash events. During flash floods, water properties were determined by soil surface and river bottom wash out, and depended mostly on the flush sequence and intensity. Model simulations showed that soil surface permeability reduction was an important factor regulating surface runoff while soil moisture was low. The first flood after the dry period contributed to 2% of the yearly discharge, 3% of yearly N load, and 7% of the yearly P loads. Winter floods contribution differed, producing 10% of both yearly discharge and loads. However, concentration of particulate matter and organic compounds in the first flood were one order of magnitude higher than in winter floods. This was due to river bottom resuspension and erosion of riparian areas, representative dynamics of a flushy regime. During subsequent winter floods, nutrient concentrations tended to remain constant as the watershed surface and respective soils were washed. Further work should link a watershed model to a reservoir model to depict the flood impact in the reservoir, and test management strategies to reduce the reservoir trophic state.

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Acknowledgements

The present work was supported within the framework of the EU Interreg SUDOE IVB program (SOE1/P2/F146 AguaFlash project), the Mirage Project (EU-FP7), and the EUTROPHOS Project (PTDC/AGR-AAM/098100/2008) of the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT). MARETEC acknowledges the ERDF Funds of the Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme—COMPETE, and National Funds from the FCT (Project UID/EEA/50009/2013). T. B. Ramos was supported by the FCT Grant SFRH/BPD/110655/2015.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MARETEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal

    David Brito, Ramiro Neves & Tiago B. Ramos

  2. Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal

    Maria A. Branco & Maria C. Gonçalves

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  1. David Brito
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  2. Ramiro Neves
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  4. Maria C. Gonçalves
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Correspondence to David Brito.

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Brito, D., Neves, R., Branco, M.A. et al. Modeling flood dynamics in a temporary river draining to an eutrophic reservoir in southeast Portugal. Environ Earth Sci 76, 377 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6713-7

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