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Index-based groundwater vulnerability mapping using quantitative parameters

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Abstract

To evolve a proper management scenario for groundwater utilization, identification of groundwater vulnerability zones is a critical step. In the present study, an attempt has been made to identify plausible groundwater vulnerability zones based on DRASTIC, Agricultural DRASTIC, AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) DRASTIC and Modified DRASTIC methods in the Hirakud command area. The main objective is to determine vulnerability zones for groundwater pollution based on quantitative parameters with the help of geographic information system (GIS) platform. DRASTIC model is an integrated GIS based tool used to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability mapping. DRASTIC models use seven hydrogeological parameters: depth to water table (D), recharge rate (R), aquifer media (A), soil media (S), topography (T), impact of vadose zone (I) and hydraulic conductivity (C). Modified DRASTIC model is used to assess the groundwater vulnerability considering land use/land cover (LULC). Finally, vulnerability map is validated using water quality parameters (EC, Cl−, Mg2+ and SAR) over the study area. Moreover, DRASTIC vulnerability map indicate that the northern part of the study area is more vulnerable for groundwater pollution. Groundwater vulnerability is an important environmental concern that needs to be assessed for proper groundwater management. This analysis demonstrates the potential applicability of the methodology for a general aquifer system.

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Acknowledgments

Authors are thankful to the Regional Director, Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) South Eastern Region (SER) for providing necessary data for this research work. The author (AK& DC) are thankful to the Chairman, CGWB for his encouragement and permission to publish the paper. The Authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India

    Satiprasad Sahoo

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India

    Anirban Dhar

  3. Central Ground Water Board, Bhujal Bhawan, Faridabad, Haryana, India

    Amlanjyoti Kar

  4. Central Ground Water Board, Jamnagar House, New Delhi, India

    Durjoy Chakraborty

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  1. Satiprasad Sahoo
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  2. Anirban Dhar
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Correspondence to Anirban Dhar.

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Sahoo, S., Dhar, A., Kar, A. et al. Index-based groundwater vulnerability mapping using quantitative parameters. Environ Earth Sci 75, 522 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5395-x

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