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Prevalence of celiac disease in Iranian patients with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at high risk for celiac disease (CD) due to the common genetic background and interaction between environmental and immunological factors. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of CD among Iranian patients with type 1 diabetes. The search for articles was conducted using the following keywords: “celiac disease,” “celiac,” “coeliac disease,” “diabetes,” “Iran,” and all other possible combinations of these terms. The following databases were searched from inception to June 2019: Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects models, and the heterogeneity of results across the studies was assessed using the Cochran’s Q test and quantified by the I2 statistic. Data analysis was performed by Stata version 14. A total of 14 papers were included in the meta-analysis, involving 2030 Iranian patients with T1DM. The pooled prevalence of CD in patients with T1DM was 5% (95% CI 3–7). The prevalence of CD in Tehran (4%; 95% CI 1–6) was lower than in other provinces of the country (6%; 95% CI 4–8). Meta-regression analysis showed that, with increasing sample size, the prevalence of  CD was significantly reduced (p = 0.018).Given the adverse effects of CD , such as osteoporosis and malignancy (especially lymphoma), patients with T1DM must be screened for CD .

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Acknowledgments

The authors appreciate all the authors whose articles were used in the present systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Spiritual Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

    Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh

  2. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

    Hayedeh Rezaei

  3. Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mitra Goli

  4. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy

    Davide Ausili

  5. Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sahar Dalvand

  6. Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

    Houshyar Ghafouri

  7. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

    Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi

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  1. Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
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  2. Hayedeh Rezaei
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Correspondence to Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi.

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RGG, HR, MG, DA, SD, HG, and AHD declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Gheshlagh, R.G., Rezaei, H., Goli, M. et al. Prevalence of celiac disease in Iranian patients with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Gastroenterol 39, 419–425 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-020-01046-7

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