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A Novel Cephalometric Approach Aiming to Quantify a Normal Range of Bony Chin Protrusion

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Abstract

Introduction

Cephalometric analysis is an essential tool in the diagnostics and planning of orthognathic surgery. No objective criterion exists to facilitate decision making regarding genioplasties. Differing opinions amongst clinicians therefore leads to wide variability amongst treatment options offered to potentially suitable patients. This study has three aims. The first was to quantify the distribution of chin morphology amongst the average population using cephalometric analysis. Secondly, we sought to determine whether cephalometric parameters could be used to predict overlying soft tissue changes. Lastly, we consider the use of a new cephalometric angle, BNPg, for pre- and post-operative assessment of genioplasty patients.

Methods

This study retrospectively analysed 231 lateral cephalograms. The angle between the landmarks: B point, Nasion and Pogonion was measured to generate ‘BNPg’ a novel unit to quantify bony chin protrusion.

Results

The mean BNPg from all 231 samples was 1.12 degrees with a standard deviation of ± 1.35. Comparison between sexes showed no significant differences between male and females (P = 0.108). Furthermore, bony chin protrusion was found to strongly positively correlate with soft tissue chin appearance (r = 0.731), however, BNPg was found not to correlate with skeletal malocclusion (ANB, r = 0.085).

Conclusion

The novel unit BNPg may serve as a useful tool in contributing to the determination of treatment thresholds in osseous genioplasty for desirable aesthetic outcomes and may be used post-operatively to assess outcomes also. As this is a pilot study, further clinical studies would be required to validate this parameter in genioplasty patients, both pre- and post-operatively.

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Funding

The authors report no commercial or financial associations that might pose or create conflict with information presented in the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Jonathan Chu & Samuel Moore

  2. Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK

    Jonathan Chu, Shadi Basyuni, Ashley Ferro, Cherry Chang, Krishna Patel, Huw Jeremiah & Vijay Santhanam

  3. Human Anatomy Teaching Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Cecilia Brassett

Authors
  1. Jonathan Chu
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  2. Shadi Basyuni
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  3. Samuel Moore
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  4. Ashley Ferro
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  5. Cherry Chang
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  6. Krishna Patel
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  7. Huw Jeremiah
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  8. Cecilia Brassett
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  9. Vijay Santhanam
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jonathan Chu or Shadi Basyuni.

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The authors of this study have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical Statement

Ethics approval not required for this study as per organisation protocol.

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Supplementary Information

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Supplementary Fig. 1

qq-plots of measured parameters in male and female populations (PDF 293 kb)

Supplementary Fig. 2

Histograms and overlayed density plots for BNPg and BNPg* between males and females (TIFF 3768 kb)

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Chu, J., Basyuni, S., Moore, S. et al. A Novel Cephalometric Approach Aiming to Quantify a Normal Range of Bony Chin Protrusion. J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg. 22, 226–231 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-022-01784-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-022-01784-5

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