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Biodiesel Production from Botryococcus sudeticus and Chlorella vulgaris: Assessment of Nitrogen Deficiency on Lipid, Fame Yield and Biodiesel Properties

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Abstract

Biodiesel production from microalgae is considered a sustainable alternative to fossil fuel sources. The economic feasibility of algae-based biodiesel is highly related to biomass, lipid and FAME yield of the species. Thus, optimization of the culture conditions plays an important role in biodiesel production. The aim of this study is to compare lipid and FAME yield and biodiesel quality of two green algae species, Chlorella vulgaris, and Botryococcus sudeticus, under nitrogen deficiency conditions. For this purpose, algae species were cultured under optimum conditions until the stationary phase, then in the second phase the effect of nitrogen stress on total lipid, FAME content, and biodiesel quality were assessed. Although nitrogen-deficiency had negative impact on the growth and survival of both species, complete nitrogen removal from the medium stimulated the total lipid and FAME yield and the level of enhancement varied among species. FAME yield increased by 21% in B. sudeticus and 28% in C. vulgaris cultures under nitrogen deficiency conditions. The biodiesel properties of both cultures met European standards, on the other hand the absence of nitrogen did not reveal a significant effect on the cetane number values of C. vulgaris. However, it caused a reduction in B. sudeticus cultures. Nitrogen deficiency had a negative impact on the oxidative stability of B. sudeticus, reducing its ability to resist oxidation. However, it enhanced the oxidative stability of C. vulgaris in long-term storage. The results highlighted the importance of species-specific approaches to maximize both lipid content and biodiesel quality.

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Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this paper.

Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

CN:

Cetane number

CFPP:

Cold flow plugging properties

Chl-a :

Chlorophyll-a

DU:

Degree of unsaturation

FA:

Fatty Acid

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl ester

IV:

Iodine value

LCSF:

Long chain saturated factors

MUFAs:

Monounsaturated fatty acids

SFAS :

Saturated fatty acids

PUFAs:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

SV:

Saponification value

Acyl CoA:

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase

wt%:

Weight percentage (%)

DW:

Dry weight percentage (%)

UTEX:

Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Texas at Austin

CCAP:

Culture collection of algae and protozoa

FID:

Flame ionization detector

GC:

Gas chromatography

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. Zeynep DORAK for her help in statistical analysis, and Dr. Cenk Gürevin, and Cansu Atar for their technical support in the laboratory.

Funding

This study was funded by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University (Project number: 36334).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Marine and Freshwater Resources, Management, Istanbul University, Fatih, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ayça Oğuz, Latife Köker, E. Gozde Ozbayram, Reyhan Akcaalan & Meriç Albay

  2. Institute Of Graduate Studies In Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ayça Oğuz

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Oğuz, A., Köker, L., Ozbayram, E.G. et al. Biodiesel Production from Botryococcus sudeticus and Chlorella vulgaris: Assessment of Nitrogen Deficiency on Lipid, Fame Yield and Biodiesel Properties. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 2757–2768 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02359-2

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