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Valorization of the Noni (Morinda citrifolia) Seeds as Source of a Protein Concentrate and Its Physicochemical, Functional, and Structural Characterization

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Abstract

The noni juice industry produces a large volume of seeds as by-products, which contain proteins that can be recovered to be used as food ingredients. The aims of this study were the valorization of noni seeds as source of a protein concentrate (NSPC) and their physicochemical, functional, and structural characterization. NSPC was produced by alkaline extraction and isoelectric precipitation, obtaining a powder with a protein content of 76.59%, whose values of the color parameters were L* = 55. 32%, a* = 4.60%, and b* = 19.09. Water (WHCa) and oil (OHCa) holding capacities of the NSPC were 4.36 g H2O/g protein and 11.69 g oil/g protein, respectively, while the emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, foaming capacity, foaming stability, least gelling concentration, and in vitro digestibility were, 29.20%, 50.00%, 180.33%, 94.60%, 4.00%, and 78.51%. Glutelins (64.62%) were the main protein fraction of the NSPC. Hence, NSPC could be used as ingredient for food products as bread, soups, salad dressings, mayonnaise, and processed meat products.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank to IBQ. Nancy Dinorah Ruelas Hernández, for their valuable support in preparing and taking the scanning electron microscopy image of the NSPC included in this study.

Funding

This research was supported by the Patronage to Administer the Special Tax Destined to the Autonomous University of Nayarit within the project registered SIP22-189.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura Amado Nervo, 63155, Tepic, Nayarit, México

    Jorge Adrían Hernández Ramírez, José Armando Ulloa & Blanca Estela Ulloa Rangel

  2. Centro de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura Amado Nervo, 63155, Tepic, Nayarit, México

    José Armando Ulloa & Petra Rosas Ulloa

  3. Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Carretera Tepic-Compostela Km 9, 63780, Xalisco, Nayarit, México

    José Armando Ulloa

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JAHR: Investigation, Methodology, Writing—original draft. JAU: Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Conceptualization, Supervision, Data curation, Funding acquisition. PRU: Software, Supervision, Validation. BEUR: Conceptualization, Supervision, Visualization.

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Hernández Ramírez, J.A., Ulloa, J.A., Ulloa Rangel, B.E. et al. Valorization of the Noni (Morinda citrifolia) Seeds as Source of a Protein Concentrate and Its Physicochemical, Functional, and Structural Characterization. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 2033–2043 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02270-w

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