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Valorization of Post-Consumers Plastics and Agro-Waste in Sustainable Polymeric Composites for Tribological Applications

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Abstract

The research proposed an effective approach for recycling of waste plastics and agro-industrial waste as a source of energy optimizing the economic viability of the waste products and reducing environmental issues. The composites were developed by utilizing eight different types of waste plastics, rice hush husk, and sand. The density, water absorption, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the composites were evaluated. Moreover, the tribological characterizations as sliding wear rate and three-body abrasive wear were performed under the conditions of loads and speeds. The composites attained a maximum density of 1.9833 g/cm3 and a minimum percentage of water absorption of 0.261. The optimal values of the compressive strength and flexural strength were obtained to be 9.628 and 28.081 (MPa), respectively. The sliding wear rate was in the range of 2.655 × 10–8 -12.896 × 10–8 (kg/m). Whereas the ranges for abrasives wear were obtained to be 0.0309–0.6459 (cm3) and 0.0386–0.1257 (cm3), under the conditions of loads and sliding speeds, respectively. The study suggested the incorporation of 25 wt. % of rice husk ash and 25 wt. % of sand with 50 wt. % of polycarbonates in composites for tribological applications. The work contributes towards the attainment of circular economy in the composite manufacturing industries.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS for providing facilities in carrying out this research

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura, India

    Ashish Soni & Pankaj Kumar Das

  2. Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

    Mohammad Yusuf & Syahrir Ridha

  3. Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

    Mohammad Yusuf & Syahrir Ridha

  4. Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India

    Hesam Kamyab

  5. Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Hesam Kamyab

  6. Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology & Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan

  7. Electric Power Station, Network, and Supply System, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76 Prospekt Lenina, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation

    Hesam Kamyab & Irina Kirpichnikova

  8. College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Kerbala, 56001, Iraq

    Zainab Haider Mussa

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  1. Ashish Soni
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Contributions

AS, conceptualization, experimentation, and writing of the manuscript. PKD supervised and provided resources, facilities, and funding for this work. MY helped in refining, reviewing, editing, and proofreading of the manuscript. SR, HK, SC, IK, ZHM helped in review and editing of this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mohammad Yusuf.

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Soni, A., Das, P.K., Yusuf, M. et al. Valorization of Post-Consumers Plastics and Agro-Waste in Sustainable Polymeric Composites for Tribological Applications. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 1739–1755 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02103-w

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