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Characterization of Chitin-Glucan Complex of Ganoderma lucidum Extract and Its Application as Hemostatic Hydrogel

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Abstract

Chitin and glucan in the cell wall of Ganoderma lucidum have various biological activities, but are usually not effectively utilized or discarded as insoluble waste. The aim of this study is to characterize the chitin-glucan complex extracted from Ganoderma lucidum residues and to access its application potential as a hemostatic material. Ganoderma lucidum chitin-glucan complex (GLCGC) was extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, and GLCGC was prepared into a novel Ganoderma lucidum chitin-glucan complex hydrogel (GLCGCH) with ionic liquid [AMIM]Cl. GLCGC and lyophilized GLCGCH was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, swelling capacity, rheological properties and hemostatic properties. Our results showed that the extracted GLCGC mainly consisted of glucan (76.7 ± 2.9%) and chitin (3.85 ± 0.55%). The hydrogel GLCGCH had three-dimensional porous structure with good performance in swelling behavior (with swelling ratios of 1181.0–1891.0%). With no cytotoxicity against mouse fibroblast cells, GLCGCH showed good blood compatibility (with hemolysis ratios of 0.9–1.5%) and in vitro blood coagulation property (with blood clotting indices of 35.3–41.9%), indicating GLCGCH has great hemostatic effect. This work provided new insight into the integrated utilization of Ganoderma lucidum residues. The prepared hydrogel could be used as a promising material for hemostatic application.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFD0901805), the 111 Project (B18022), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the Open Project Funding of the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ECUST (ZDXM2019). We acknowledge Yuan Li for the assistance in performing the cytotoxicity experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China

    Yanqiong Liu, Chunyue Zhang, Lujie Liu, Xingxing Zhang, Yanying Hou & Liming Zhao

  2. Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China

    Chunyue Zhang, Lujie Liu & Liming Zhao

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  1. Yanqiong Liu
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  2. Chunyue Zhang
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Contributions

Liming Zhao conceived and supervised the project. Yanqiong Liu and Chunyue Zhang designed the experiments. Yanqiong Liu, Chunyue Zhang, Xingxing Zhang and Yanying Hou performed the experiments. Yanqiong Liu, Chunyue Zhang, Lujie Liu wrote the manuscript.

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Supplementary file1 (DOCX 34 kb)

12649_2022_1711_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Fig. S1 Chromatograms of glucosamine (GlcN, A), Chitobiose ([GlcN]2, B), Chitotrise ([GlcN]3, C), Chitotetraose ([GlcN]4, D) in Ganoderma lucidum chitin-glucan complex (GLCGC). In this mode, the molecular mass of [GlcN]1-4 was 180.1, 341.2, 502.2 and 663.3, respectively. Supplementary file2 (TIF 15451 kb)

12649_2022_1711_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Fig. S2 ATR-FTIR spectra of Ganoderma lucidum chitin-glucan complex (GLCGC) and Ganoderma lucidum chitin-glucan complex hydrogels GLCGCH 3, 4, 5. Supplementary file3 (TIF 475 kb)

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Liu, Y., Zhang, C., Liu, L. et al. Characterization of Chitin-Glucan Complex of Ganoderma lucidum Extract and Its Application as Hemostatic Hydrogel. Waste Biomass Valor 13, 3297–3308 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-022-01711-2

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